Considering the uncertainties of multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems, we put forward the concept of q-rung orthopair fuzzy rough numbers, which is obtained by integrating q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers and rough numbers. Further a weight calculation method based on q-rung orthopair fuzzy rough number is investigated and a new decision making approach is designed to solve MAGDM problems. The main contributions of this work are listed as follows: (1) The construction process of q-rung orthopair fuzzy rough number is given along with its ranking rules, arithmetic operations, aggregation operators and some corresponding attributes. (2) A novel attributes’ weight calculation approach q-rung orthopair fuzzy rough best-worst method (q-ROFRBWM) is proposed by modifying classical best-worst method (BWM). (3) We introduce the q-rung orthopair fuzzy rough numbers into the multi-attribute boundary approximation regional comparison (MABAC) method, and a modified q-ROFRBWM-MABAC method for solving the MAGDM problem is constructed by combining the q-ROFRBWM weight calculation method. (4) Applying q-ROFRBWM-MABAC method to solve the impact of major infrastructure projects on various social vulnerability factors. The effectiveness and merits of the q-ROFRBWM-MABAC method are also verified by comparing with existing methods.

考虑到多属性群决策(MAGDM)问题的不确定性，我们提出了q-rung orthopair模糊粗糙数的概念，它是通过整合q-rung orthopair模糊数和粗糙数得到的。进一步研究了一种基于q-rung orthopair模糊粗糙数的权重计算方法，并设计了一种新的决策方法来解决MAGDM问题。本工作的主要贡献如下： (1) 给出了q-rung orthopair模糊粗糙数的构造过程及其排序规则、算术运算、聚合算子和一些相应的属性。(2)通过改进经典的最佳-最差法(BWM)，提出了一种新的属性权重计算方法q-rung orthopair模糊粗略最佳-最差法(q-ROFRBWM)。(3)我们将q-rung orthopair模糊粗糙数引入到多属性边界逼近区域比较(MABAC)方法中，结合q-ROFRBWM权重构造了求解MAGDM问题的改进q-ROFRBWM-MABAC方法计算方法。(4)应用q-ROFRBWM-MABAC方法求解重大基础设施项目对各种社会脆弱性因素的影响。通过与现有方法的比较，验证了q-ROFRBWM-MABAC方法的有效性和优点。(4)应用q-ROFRBWM-MABAC方法求解重大基础设施项目对各种社会脆弱性因素的影响。通过与现有方法的比较，验证了q-ROFRBWM-MABAC方法的有效性和优点。(4)应用q-ROFRBWM-MABAC方法求解重大基础设施项目对各种社会脆弱性因素的影响。通过与现有方法的比较，验证了q-ROFRBWM-MABAC方法的有效性和优点。