This review is focused on the cellular dynamics and genomic programming of plasma cell (PC) precursors that arise during germinal center (GC) B cell responses in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) and give rise to PCs in the bone marrow. Considerable progress has been made in the phenotypic characterization of circulating and bone marrow PC precursors as well as their differentiated short-lived (SLPC) and long-lived (LLPC) counterparts, in the context of model antigen and vaccine responses. Importantly, it has been possible to infer the temporal dynamics of generation of PC precursors during a GC response. However, the nature of the PC precursors at their site of generation in SLOs, and their signaling and genomic states, remain to be elucidated. Our synthesis draws upon experimental studies conducted in murine models as well as in humans, the latter complemented with cell culture manipulations of PCs and their precursors. By integration of the studies in murine and human systems, which are being accelerated by new genomic methodologies, we highlight insights and hypotheses concerning the generation of PCs. This framework can be extended and explored from both fundamental and translational standpoints.

中文翻译：

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浆细胞前体的细胞命运动力学和基因组编程

本综述的重点是浆细胞 (PC) 前体的细胞动力学和基因组编程，浆细胞 (PC) 前体在次级淋巴器官 (SLO) 的生发中心 (GC) B 细胞反应期间出现，并在骨髓中产生 PC。在模型抗原和疫苗反应的背景下，在循环和骨髓 PC 前体及其分化的短寿命 (SLPC) 和长寿命 (LLPC) 对应物的表型表征方面取得了相当大的进展。重要的是，可以推断 GC 响应期间 PC 前体生成的时间动态。然而，SLO 中 PC 前体在其生成位点的性质，以及它们的信号和基因组状态，仍有待阐明。我们的合成借鉴了在小鼠模型和人类中进行的实验研究，后者与 PC 及其前体的细胞培养操作相辅相成。通过整合小鼠和人类系统中的研究，新的基因组方法正在加速这些研究，我们强调了关于 PC 生成的见解和假设。这个框架可以从基础和翻译的角度进行扩展和探索。