Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a universal heterogeneous disease that is characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations. Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and cancer vaccines are substitute strategies for CRC treatment. When cancer immunotherapy is combined with chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, the CRC treatment would become excessively efficient. One of the compelling immunotherapy approaches to increase the efficiency of CRC therapy is the deployment of therapeutic mAbs, nanobodies, bi-specific antibodies and cancer vaccines, which improve clinical outcomes in patients. Also, among the possible therapeutic approaches for CRC patients, gene vaccines in combination with antibodies are recently introduced as a new perspective. Here, we aimed to present the current progress in CRC immunotherapy, especially using Bi-specific antibodies and dendritic cells mRNA vaccines. For this aim, all data were extracted from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Elsevier, using keywords cancer vaccines; CRC immunotherapy and CRC mRNA vaccines. About 97 articles were selected and investigated completely based on the latest developments and novelties on bi-specific antibodies, mRNA vaccines, nanobodies, and MGD007.

中文翻译：

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双特异性抗体和治疗性疫苗免疫靶向治疗结直肠癌的最新进展


结直肠癌（CRC）是一种普遍的异质性疾病，其特征是遗传和表观遗传改变。使用单克隆抗体 (mAb) 和癌症疫苗的免疫疗法是 CRC 治疗的替代策略。当癌症免疫疗法与化疗、手术和放疗相结合时，结直肠癌的治疗将变得过于有效。提高结直肠癌治疗效率的一种引人注目的免疫治疗方法是部署治疗性单克隆抗体、纳米抗体、双特异性抗体和癌症疫苗，这可以改善患者的临床结果。此外，在结直肠癌患者可能的治疗方法中，最近引入了基因疫苗与抗体相结合的新视角。在这里，我们旨在介绍目前CRC免疫治疗的进展，特别是使用双特异性抗体和树突状细胞mRNA疫苗。为此，所有数据均使用关键词“癌症疫苗”从 Google Scholar、PubMed、Scopus 和 Elsevier 中提取； CRC 免疫疗法和 CRC mRNA 疫苗。根据双特异性抗体、mRNA疫苗、纳米抗体和MGD007的最新进展和新颖性，精选和研究了大约97篇文章。