Despite high-level evidence supporting the use of pharmacotherapy therapy for the prevention of kidney stones, adherence to medications is often poor because of side-effects, inconvenience and cost. Furthermore, with a desire for more ‘natural’ products, patients seek dietary and herbal remedies over pharmacotherapy. However, patients are often unaware of the potential side-effects, lack of evidence and cost of these remedies. Therefore, in the present review we examine the evidence for a few of the commonly espoused non-prescription agents or dietary recommendations that are thought to prevent stone formation, including lemonade, fish oil (omega fatty acids), Phyllanthus niruri and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. While the present review includes only a few of the stone-modulating recommendations available to the lay community, we focussed on these four due to their prevalent use. Our goal is not to only dispel commonly held notions about stone disease, but also to highlight the lack of high-level evidence for many commonly utilised treatments.

中文翻译：

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肾结石的成因及预防：神话与事实相分离

尽管有高水平的证据支持使用药物治疗来预防肾结石，但由于副作用、不便和成本，对药物的依从性往往很差。此外，由于对更多“天然”产品的渴望，患者寻求饮食和草药疗法而不是药物疗法。然而，患者往往不知道这些补救措施的潜在副作用、缺乏证据和成本。因此，在本综述中，我们检查了一些被认为可以防止结石形成的常用非处方药或饮食建议的证据，包括柠檬水、鱼油（欧米茄脂肪酸）、珍珠草和停止高血压的饮食方法 (DASH) 饮食。虽然目前的审查只包括少数可供非专业人士使用的结石调节建议，但由于它们的普遍使用，我们将重点放在了这四个建议上。我们的目标不仅是消除人们对结石病的普遍看法，而且还强调许多常用治疗方法缺乏高水平证据。