Immune cells residing in the testicular interstitial space form the immunological microenvironment of the testis. They are assumed to play a role in maintaining testicular homeostasis and immune privilege. However, the immune status and related cell polarization in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) remains poorly characterized. System evaluation of the testis immunological microenvironment in NOA patients may help to reveal the mechanisms of idiopathic azoospermia.

中文翻译：

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非梗阻性无精子症患者睾丸中免疫状态和与睾丸损伤相关的巨噬细胞极化评估

驻留在睾丸间质空间的免疫细胞形成睾丸的免疫微环境。假定它们在维持睾丸稳态和免疫特权方面发挥作用。然而，非梗阻性无精子症 (NOA) 患者的免疫状态和相关细胞极化特征仍然很差。NOA患者睾丸免疫微环境的系统评估可能有助于揭示特发性无精子症的机制。