In facing future challenges, risk management (RM) is essential for European farming systems (FS). This article synthesises lessons learned on RM based on a farm survey, interviews with farmers, and focus groups involving a range of FS actors. In contrast to previous literature, we broaden the definition of RM to include strategies that target long-term structural challenges, as well as expanding the level of analysis from the farm to the FS level. The results were consistent across the different methods. We found that farmers mainly worry about economic challenges: in particular long-term pressures. We also found that European farmers have implemented diverse RM strategies in the past 5 years, and that no single strategy has been applied by the vast majority of farmers. In line with perceptions of future challenges, there is a demand for the reorientation of RM strategies towards long-term pressures, rather than short-term shocks. FS actors were found to perceive RM as enhancing resilience capacities, especially adaptability. The results of interviews distinguished between major learning strategies and the attributes of farmers for enhancing robustness, adaptive, or transformative capacities. Focus group discussions revealed that the future development of RM strategies requires contributions by all FS actors.

中文翻译：

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风险管理及其在提高欧洲农场和农业系统感知恢复能力中的作用

面对未来的挑战，风险管理 (RM) 对于欧洲农业系统 (FS) 至关重要。本文综合了基于农场调查、农民访谈和涉及一系列 FS 参与者的焦点小组在 RM 中学到的经验教训。与以前的文献相比，我们扩大了 RM 的定义，以包括针对长期结构性挑战的策略，以及将分析水平从农场扩展到 FS 水平。不同方法的结果是一致的。我们发现农民主要担心经济挑战：尤其是长期压力。我们还发现，欧洲农民在过去 5 年中实施了多样化的 RM 策略，并且绝大多数农民都没有采用单一策略。根据对未来挑战的看法，需要重新调整风险管理战略以应对长期压力，而不是短期冲击。FS 参与者被发现认为 RM 增强了复原能力，尤其是适应性。访谈结果区分了主要学习策略和农民增强稳健性、适应性或变革能力的属性。焦点小组讨论表明，风险管理战略的未来发展需要所有金融服务参与者的贡献。