Since the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, particle physicists have not found any statistically significant deviations from the Standard Model. This has led to a shift of emphasis from model testing to exploration and an increasing popularity of ‘model-independent’ experimental approaches. Our goal is to analyze this shift by focusing on particle and event signatures. A differentiated picture of experimentation emerges between the extremes of theory guidance and theory-free exploration. Using the example of the top quark, we distinguish four types of motivations for the study of physics processes.

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自 2012 年发现希格斯玻色子以来，粒子物理学家尚未发现与标准模型有任何统计上的显着偏差。这导致重点从模型测试转向探索，并且“独立于模型”的实验方法越来越受欢迎。我们的目标是通过关注粒子和事件特征来分析这种转变。在理论指导和无理论探索的极端之间出现了差异化的实验图景。以顶夸克为例，我们区分了四种研究物理过程的动机。