The nonpolar lipids present in cells are mainly triacylglycerols and steryl esters. When cells are provided with an abundance of nutrients, these storage lipids accumulate. As large quantities of nonpolar lipids cannot be integrated into membranes, they are isolated from the cytosolic environment in lipid droplets. As specialized, inducible cytoplasmic organelles, lipid droplets have functions beyond the regulation of lipid metabolism, in cell signalling and activation, membrane trafficking and control of inflammatory mediator synthesis and secretion. Pathogens, including fungi, viruses, parasites, or intracellular bacteria can induce and may benefit from lipid droplets in infected cells. Here we review biogenesis of lipid droplets as well as the role of lipid droplets in the pathogenesis of selected viruses, bacteria, protists and yeasts.

中文翻译：

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脂滴在微生物发病机制中的作用

细胞中存在的非极性脂质主要是甘油三酯和甾醇酯。当细胞获得丰富的营养时，这些储存脂质就会积聚。由于大量非极性脂质无法整合到膜中，因此它们在脂滴中与细胞溶质环境分离。作为专门的、可诱导的细胞质细胞器，脂滴的功能超出了脂质代谢的调节，包括细胞信号传导和激活、膜运输以及炎症介质合成和分泌的控制。病原体，包括真菌、病毒、寄生虫或细胞内细菌，可以诱导感染细胞中的脂滴，并可能受益于脂滴。在这里，我们回顾了脂滴的生物发生以及脂滴在选定的病毒、细菌、原生生物和酵母的发病机制中的作用。