In this study, the cellular effects of lead (Pb) nanoparticles with a primary particle size of 80 nm were evaluated in two types of cell lines: human lung carcinoma A549 and macrophage-differentiated THP-1 cells (dTHP-1). The cellular responses induced by the Pb nanoparticles varied among the cell types. Exposure to Pb nanoparticles for 24 h at a concentration of 100 μg/ml induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression in dTHP-1 cells. Induction of IL-8 expression in A549 was lower than dTHP-1 cells. Pb nanoparticles also induced the gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 in dTHP-1 cells but not in A549 cells. Though cellular uptake of Pb nanoparticles was observed in both the cell types, the amount of internalized Pb particles was lower in A549 cells than that in dTHP-1 cells. Gene expression of metallothionein 2A was remarkably enhanced by Pb nanoparticle exposure in dTHP-1 cells. Compared with Pb nanoparticles, induction of cytokines caused by lead nitrate (Pb[NO₃]₂), a water-soluble Pb compound, was smaller. In conclusion, the present study revealed that Pb nanoparticles induced a stronger cellular response than Pb(NO₃)₂, primarily by eliciting cytokine production, in a cell type-dependent manner.

中文翻译：

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由纳米颗粒引发的铅纳米颗粒引起的促炎反应

在这项研究中，初级粒径为 80 nm 的铅 (Pb) 纳米颗粒在两种类型的细胞系中评估了细胞效应：人肺癌 A549 和巨噬细胞分化的 THP-1 细胞 (dTHP-1)。由铅纳米颗粒诱导的细胞反应因细胞类型而异。在 dTHP-1 细胞中以 100 μg/ml 的浓度暴露于 Pb 纳米颗粒 24 小时诱导白细胞介素 8 (IL-8) 表达。A549 中 IL-8 表达的诱导低于 dTHP-1 细胞。Pb 纳米粒子还诱导 dTHP-1 细胞中血红素加氧酶-1 的基因表达，但不诱导 A549 细胞中的基因表达。尽管在两种细胞类型中都观察到 Pb 纳米颗粒的细胞摄取，但 A549 细胞中内化 Pb 颗粒的量低于 dTHP-1 细胞。dTHP-1 细胞中铅纳米颗粒暴露显着增强了金属硫蛋白 2A 的基因表达。与铅纳米颗粒相比，硝酸铅（Pb[NO₃ ] ₂ )，水溶性铅化合物，较小。总之，本研究表明，与 Pb(NO ₃ ) ₂相比，Pb 纳米颗粒诱导了更强的细胞反应，主要是通过以细胞类型依赖的方式引起细胞因子的产生。