Abstract

The review considers the role that nanotechnologies play in the development of sample preparation methods for molecular diagnostic, focusing on the methods to isolate nucleic acids (NAs) from biological samples and the underlying physicochemical processes. Methods based on reversible adsorption (that is, solid-phase selective extraction) are the most efficient and allow miniaturization and automatization of the related processes. In the approach most commonly used until recently, NAs from biological samples are bound with a sorbent and then eluted (positive selection). The review analyzes the potential and advantages of an alternative one-step NA isolation method. Sorbents utilized in the method bind proteins and other components of biological samples, but are inert towards NAs in terms of absorption (negative selection). Consideration is given to the methods used to produce nanostructured composite sorbents on the basis of solid matrices (porous silica, glass multicapillaries, and synthetic membranes) via modification with nano-thick polymer layers to achieve negative selection toward NAs. Primary attention is payed to fluoropolymers and polyanilines, their applications, and fields of their alternative use.

中文翻译：

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纳米结构聚合物复合材料作为分子诊断的有效工具

摘要

该综述考虑了纳米技术在开发用于分子诊断的样品制备方法中的作用，重点关注从生物样品中分离核酸 (NA) 的方法和潜在的物理化学过程。基于可逆吸附（即固相选择性萃取）的方法是最有效的，并且可以实现相关过程的小型化和自动化。在最近最常用的方法中，来自生物样品的 NA 与吸附剂结合，然后被洗脱（正选择）。该评论分析了另一种一步 NA 隔离方法的潜力和优势。该方法中使用的吸附剂结合蛋白质和生物样品的其他成分，但在吸收（负选择）方面对 NA 呈惰性。考虑了用于在固体基质（多孔二氧化硅、玻璃多毛细管和合成膜）的基础上通过用纳米厚聚合物层进行修饰以实现对 NA 的负选择来生产纳米结构复合吸附剂的方法。主要关注含氟聚合物和聚苯胺、它们的应用以及它们的替代用途领域。