Soil biota is considered a crucial component of soil health. Currently, the soil microbiota and its genomic material (microbiome) have received increasing attention due to their role on sustainable nutrient availability. However, in agroforestry systems, little information is available on the effect of tree cover on natural microbial assemblies and its potential impact on soil health and production. From this perspective, we present the initial and novel results of the metagenomic-based characterization of microbial diversity in the soil of a Nothofagus-based silvopastoral system with three different shade conditions (open, semi open, and semi closed), that were obtained simultaneously by the massive sequencing of ribosomal genes for Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya, and of the ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS3-4) for Fungi. In the temperate SPS, the dominant bacteria phylum was Proteobacteria particularly from the order Rhizobiales, while the fungal community was dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. A low presence of archaea and eukaryotes was also observed. The semi open shade condition exhibited the highest diversity of microorganisms of all the treatments. This condition also promoted a greater specific production of grass. Our preliminary results not only represent the first multi-domain microbial inventory in the study area, but they also highlight the need to consider the microbial assemblies in the design and management of soil-based production systems, and the conservation of biodiversity in ecosystems.

土壤生物群被认为是土壤健康的重要组成部分。目前，土壤微生物群及其基因组材料（微生物组）因其在可持续养分可用性方面的作用而受到越来越多的关注。然而，在农林业系统中，关于树木覆盖对自然微生物群落的影响及其对土壤健康和生产的潜在影响的信息很少。从这个角度来看，我们展示了基于宏基因组的Nothofagus土壤微生物多样性表征的初步和新结果。基于三种不同遮荫条件（开放、半开放和半封闭）的林牧系统，这些条件是通过对细菌、古细菌、真核生物的核糖体基因和核糖体内部转录间隔区 (ITS3-4) 的大量测序同时获得的对于真菌。在温带SPS中，优势细菌门是变形菌门，特别是来自根瘤菌目，而真菌群落以子囊菌门和担子菌门为主。还观察到少量古细菌和真核生物。在所有处理中，半开荫条件表现出最高的微生物多样性。这种情况也促进了更高的草产量。我们的初步结果不仅代表了研究区的第一个多域微生物清单，