ABSTRACT

Cisgender, heterosexual men’s adherence to gender norms and prejudice against sexual minorities increases after observing sexuality-based gender norm violations of others (i.e., non-normative sexual attractions). No research to date has investigated whether similar effects occur after experiencing sexuality-based gender norm violations of the self. This study investigated the effects of one such norm violation—attraction to transgender women—on adherence to gender roles and attitudes toward gay men. Photographs of female models were shown to cisgender, heterosexual men (N = 135, M age ± S.D. = 28.12 ± 8.81) who rated their attractiveness. Half the participants were informed (accurately) that the models were transgender women (transgender condition). Other participants were not offered this information, leaving them to assume the models were cisgender. All participants then reported their support for traditional gender norms and attitudes toward gay men. As expected, participants in the transgender condition reported less positive attitudes toward gay men, an effect mediated by increased support for traditional gender norms, and only present when the participants had rated the women as highly attractive. These results suggest a strategy to compensate for gender norm violations to reestablish men’s masculinity.

摘要

在观察到基于性行为的性别规范违反他人（即非规范性吸引力）后，顺性别、异性恋男性对性别规范的遵守和对性少数群体的偏见增加。迄今为止，还没有研究调查过在经历基于性的性别规范违反自我后是否会发生类似的影响。这项研究调查了这样一种违反规范的行为——对跨性别女性的吸引力——对性别角色的坚持和对男同性恋者的态度的影响。女性模特的照片被展示给顺性别、异性恋男性（N = 135，M年龄 ± SD. = 28.12 ± 8.81) 评价了他们的吸引力。一半的参与者（准确地）被告知模特是跨性别女性（跨性别状况）。其他参与者没有得到这些信息，让他们假设模型是顺性别的。然后，所有参与者都报告了他们对传统性别规范和对男同性恋者态度的支持。正如预期的那样，跨性别状态的参与者报告对男同性恋者的积极态度较低，这种影响是由对传统性别规范的支持增加所介导的，并且仅在参与者认为女性具有高度吸引力时才会出现。这些结果提出了一种补偿违反性别规范以重建男性男子气概的策略。