Plant-parasitic nematodes cause substantial economic losses to global agriculture yearly. The use of nematicides is an effective way of controlling plant-parasitic nematodes. However, the long-term use of traditional organophosphorus and carbamate chemical nematicides can lead to increased nematode resistance. With the increasing awareness of the necessity for the protection of the environment and human health, highly toxic nematicides no longer meet the developmental requirements of modern agriculture. Recently, many studies have been undertaken on the isolation and nematicidal activity of natural products against plant-parasitic nematodes and Caenorhabditis elegans. As an important model nematode, C. elegans plays a vital reference role in studying plant-parasitic nematodes regarding nematicidal activity, metabolic mechanism, and modes of action and target. We reviewed the latest research progress of natural nematicidal active compounds against plant-parasitic nematodes and C. elegans over the past ten years, discussed the structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action, and examined the development and application of natural nematicidal active compounds.

植物寄生线虫每年给全球农业造成巨大的经济损失。使用杀线虫剂是防治植物寄生线虫的有效方法。然而，长期使用传统的有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类化学杀线虫剂会导致线虫抗性增加。随着人们越来越意识到保护环境和人类健康的必要性，剧毒的杀线虫剂已不能满足现代农业的发展要求。最近，对天然产物对植物寄生线虫和秀丽隐杆线虫的分离和杀线虫活性进行了许多研究。作为一种重要的模型线虫，C. elegans在研究植物寄生线虫的杀线虫活性、代谢机制、作用方式和靶点方面起着至关重要的参考作用。我们回顾对植物寄生线虫和自然杀线虫活性化合物的最新研究进展线虫，在过去的十年中，讨论行动的构效关系和机制，以及研究开发和天然杀线虫活性化合物的应用。