Tipping of a natural system, entailing a loss of ecosystem services, may be prevented by stable partial cooperation. The presence of tipping points reverses the grim story that a high level of cooperation is hard to achieve and leaves large possible gains of cooperation. We investigate a tipping game with constant emissions and a piecewise linear response, and the well-known lake system with concave-convex dynamics and time-dependent emissions. Tipping back, leading to a gain in services, can also be induced by stable partial cooperation, but is harder to achieve. A physically reversible natural system may prove to be socially irreversible.

中文翻译：

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具有临界点的管理系统的稳定部分合作

通过稳定的部分合作可以防止自然系统的倾覆，从而导致生态系统服务的损失。临界点的出现扭转了难以实现高水平合作的严峻局面，并留下了大量可能的合作收益。我们研究了具有恒定排放和分段线性响应的小费游戏，以及具有凹凸动力学和时间相关排放的著名湖泊系统。通过稳定的部分合作也可以诱导服务的收益，但更难实现。一个物理可逆的自然系统可能被证明是社会不可逆的。