The subjective well-being (SWB) of residents in a community is a complex psychological phenomenon. Based on complexity theory, this study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the causal combinations and asymmetric relationships between benefit-sharing and residents’ SWB. It deconstructs the concept of benefit-sharing and its six dimensions from the perspective of justice. The results show that married and low-income residents are the main groups with a high level of SWB, indicating that economic income is not the determinant of a high level of SWB of residents. The study further reveals that benefit-sharing can effectively solve the problem of distributive justice and improve residents’ SWB. In addition, the analysis of sufficient conditions shows that no single factor alone can achieve high levels of residents’ SWB. Seventeen distinct combinations in the fsQCA consistently led to high levels of SWB. These results can help local authorities in rural destinations to design different strategies to promote a continuous improvement in residents’ SWB.

社区居民的主观幸福感（SWB）是一种复杂的心理现象。本研究基于复杂性理论，采用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）来探讨利益共享与居民幸福感之间的因果组合和不对称关系。它从正义的角度解构了利益共享的概念及其六个维度。结果表明，已婚和低收入居民是高幸福感的主要群体，说明经济收入不是居民幸福感高的决定因素。研究进一步表明，利益共享可以有效解决分配公平问题，提高居民幸福感。此外，充分条件分析表明，没有任何单一因素可以达到高水平的居民幸福感。fsQCA 中的 17 种不同组合始终导致高水平的 SWB。这些结果可以帮助农村目的地的地方当局设计不同的策略，以促进居民主观幸福感的持续改善。