A common pattern of reproductive aging is that reproductive performance increases during early life and reaches a peak, followed by a decline with age. Such quadratic reproductive aging patterns can differ among individuals. Moreover, if individual differences in reproductive aging patterns reflect individual-specific life-history trade-off strategies, they are also predicted to be associated with behavior according to the pace-of-life syndrome. For example, more active, aggressive, or bolder individuals may invest more in early reproduction, resulting in more rapid reproductive aging. In this study, we estimated individual differences in quadratic reproductive aging patterns and the relationship between reproductive aging and the activity of the virgin female bean bug (Riptortus pedestris) in the absence of mating costs. We found that the egg production of virgin females followed a parabolic trajectory with age and that individuals varied significantly in their quadratic reproductive aging patterns. In addition, we found that females that were relatively more active during early life invested in egg production more heavily at a young age and suffered from a sharper decline in egg production later in life. Thus, our results indicate that individual reproductive aging patterns may be a key component in the study of pace-of-life syndromes. We suggest that within-individual plastic characteristics of life-history traits such as reproductive aging patterns may explain the mixed results from multiple studies on pace-of-life syndromes.

中文翻译：

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生殖衰老和生活节奏综合征：更活跃的女性衰老得更快

生殖衰老的一个常见模式是，生殖能力在生命早期会提高并达到顶峰，然后随着年龄的增长而下降。这种二次生殖衰老模式可能因人而异。此外，如果生殖衰老模式的个体差异反映了个体特定的生活史权衡策略，那么它们也被预测与生活节奏综合征的行为有关。例如，更积极、更进取或更大胆的个体可能会在早期生殖上投入更多，从而导致更快的生殖衰老。在这项研究中，我们估计了在没有交配成本的情况下，二次生殖衰老模式的个体差异以及生殖衰老与处女雌性豆虫 (Riptortus pedestris) 活动之间的关系。我们发现处女雌性的产卵量随着年龄的增长呈抛物线轨迹，并且个体的二次生殖衰老模式存在显着差异。此外，我们发现在早期生活中相对活跃的女性在年轻时对产卵的投资更多，并且在以后的生活中产卵量急剧下降。因此，我们的研究结果表明，个体生殖衰老模式可能是研究生活节奏综合征的关键组成部分。我们认为，生活史特征（如生殖衰老模式）的个体可塑性特征可以解释多项生活节奏综合征研究的混合结果。