Objectives This research tested whether performing an action themselves leads young and older adults to false memory for having seen that action performed by another person. It also tested whether observing another person perform an action leads to false memory for self-performance of that action. Method Healthy young and older adults viewed videos involving actors performing different actions. After viewing some of the actions, participants were instructed to perform those same actions themselves. Participants were tested 1 week later on their memory for the actions of the actors in the videos and for their own actions. Results Older adults were more likely to believe that the actor in a test item had performed the same action previously when they had performed that same action themselves, both when the actor had indeed performed that action and when the actor had not. This effect of self-performance on memory for other people’s actions was significantly smaller in young adults. Young adults performed better than older adults at remembering which actors had performed which actions in the videos, although participants had greater difficulty remembering who did what for actions that they had also performed themselves. The 2 groups were equally likely to falsely remember having performed an action that had only appeared in the videos, but young adults were better able than older adults to correctly identify the actions that they had in fact performed. Discussion Older adults have greater difficulty than young adults at distinguishing self-performed actions from actions performed by other people.

中文翻译：

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年龄和自我表现对谁做了什么的记忆的影响

目标 本研究测试自己执行某项动作是否会导致年轻人和老年人因看到他人执行该动作而产生错误记忆。它还测试了观察另一个人执行某个动作是否会导致对自己执行该动作的错误记忆。方法 健康的年轻人和老年人观看涉及演员表演不同动作的视频。在查看了一些动作后，参与者被指示自己执行相同的动作。1 周后，参与者对视频中演员的行为和他们自己的行为进行了记忆测试。结果老年人更有可能相信测试项目中的演员以前曾做过同样的动作，而他们自己也做过同样的动作，无论是演员确实做了那个动作，还是演员没有表演。这种自我表现对他人行为记忆的影响在年轻人中明显较小。年轻人在记住哪些演员在视频中做了哪些动作方面比老年人表现得更好，尽管参与者更难以记住谁对他们自己也做过的动作做了什么。两组人同样可能错误地记得曾经执行过仅出现在视频中的动作，但年轻人比老年人更能正确识别他们实际执行过的动作。讨论 老年人比年轻人更难区分自己的行为和他人的行为。这种自我表现对他人行为记忆的影响在年轻人中明显较小。年轻人在记住哪些演员在视频中做了哪些动作方面比老年人表现得更好，尽管参与者更难以记住谁对他们自己也做过的动作做了什么。两组人同样可能错误地记得曾经执行过仅出现在视频中的动作，但年轻人比老年人更能正确识别他们实际执行过的动作。讨论 老年人比年轻人更难区分自己的行为和他人的行为。这种自我表现对他人行为记忆的影响在年轻人中明显较小。年轻人在记住哪些演员在视频中做了哪些动作方面比老年人表现得更好，尽管参与者更难以记住谁对他们自己也做过的动作做了什么。两组人同样可能错误地记得曾经执行过仅出现在视频中的动作，但年轻人比老年人更能正确识别他们实际执行过的动作。讨论 老年人比年轻人更难区分自己的行为和他人的行为。年轻人在记住哪些演员在视频中做了哪些动作方面比老年人表现得更好，尽管参与者更难以记住谁对他们自己也做过的动作做了什么。两组人同样可能错误地记得曾经执行过仅出现在视频中的动作，但年轻人比老年人更能正确识别他们实际执行过的动作。讨论 老年人比年轻人更难区分自己的行为和他人的行为。年轻人在记住哪些演员在视频中做了哪些动作方面比老年人表现得更好，尽管参与者更难以记住谁对他们自己也做过的动作做了什么。两组人同样可能错误地记得曾经执行过仅出现在视频中的动作，但年轻人比老年人更能正确识别他们实际执行过的动作。讨论 老年人比年轻人更难区分自己的行为和他人的行为。两组人同样可能错误地记得曾经执行过仅出现在视频中的动作，但年轻人比老年人更能正确识别他们实际执行过的动作。讨论 老年人比年轻人更难区分自己的行为和他人的行为。两组人同样可能错误地记得曾经执行过仅出现在视频中的动作，但年轻人比老年人更能正确识别他们实际执行过的动作。讨论 老年人比年轻人更难区分自己的行为和他人的行为。