Objectives Perceptions of time are shaped by sociohistorical factors. Specifically, economic growth and modernization often engender a sense of acceleration. Research has primarily focused on one time perception dimension (perceived time pressure) in one subpopulation (working-age adults), but it is not clear whether historical changes extend to other dimensions (e.g., perceived speed of time) and other subpopulations, such as older adults who are no longer in the workforce and experience age-related shifts in time perception. We therefore examined sociohistorical and age-related trends in two dimensions of time perception in two cohorts of urban older adults. Method Using propensity score matching for age and education, samples were drawn from the Berlin Aging Study (1990–1993, n = 256, Mage = 77.49) and the Berlin Aging Study-II (2009–2014, n = 248, Mage = 77.49). Cohort differences in means, variances, covariance, and correlates of perceived speed of time and time pressure were examined using multigroup SEM. Results There were no cohort differences in the perceived speed of time, but later-born cohorts reported more time pressure than earlier-born cohorts. There were no significant age differences, but perceptions of speed of time were more heterogeneous in the 1990s than in the 2010s. Cohorts did not differ in how time perceptions were associated with sociodemographic, health, cognitive, and psychosocial correlates. Discussion These findings document sociohistorical trends toward greater perceived time pressure and reduced heterogeneity in perceived speed of time among later-born urban adults. Conceptualizations of social acceleration should thus consider the whole adult life span.

中文翻译：

---

城市老年人感知时间速度和时间压力的社会历史变化

目标 时间观念是由社会历史因素塑造的。具体而言，经济增长和现代化往往会产生加速感。研究主要集中在一个亚群（工作年龄的成年人）的一个时间感知维度（感知时间压力），但尚不清楚历史变化是否延伸到其他维度（例如，感知时间速度）和其他亚群，例如不再从事工作并经历与年龄相关的时间观念变化的老年人。因此，我们在两个城市老年人群中检查了时间感知两个维度的社会历史和年龄相关趋势。方法 使用年龄和教育的倾向得分匹配，样本来自柏林老龄化研究（1990-1993，n = 256，Mage = 77.49）和柏林老龄化研究-II（2009-2014，n = 248，法师 = 77.49）。使用多组 SEM 检查了均值、方差、协方差和感知时间速度和时间压力的相关性的群组差异。结果 在感知的时间速度方面没有队列差异，但晚出生的队列比早出生的队列报告了更多的时间压力。没有显着的年龄差异，但 1990 年代对时间速度的看法比 2010 年代更为异质。队列在时间感知与社会人口、健康、认知和社会心理相关性的关联方面没有差异。讨论 这些发现记录了社会历史趋势，即在晚出生的城市成年人中，感知时间压力更大，感知时间速度异质性降低。因此，社会加速的概念化应该考虑整个成年寿命。