Innovative biomedical applications have high requirements for biomedical materials. Herein, a series of biocompatible, antibacterial and hemostatic sponges were successfully fabricated for the treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGB). Quaternized chitosan (QC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) were chemically cross-linked to obtain porous SPI/QC sponges (named SQS-n, with n = 30, 40, 50 or 60 corresponding to the weight percentage of the QC content). The chemical composition, physical properties and biological activity of SQS-n were investigated. SQS-n could support the adhesion and proliferation of L929 cells while triggering no obvious blood toxicity. Meanwhile, SQS-n exhibited good broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The in vivo hemostatic effect of SQS-n was evaluated using three different bleeding models. The results revealed that SQS-50 performed best in reducing blood loss and hemostatic time. The overall hemostatic effect of SQS-50 was comparable to that of a commercial gelatin sponge. The enhanced antibacterial and hemostatic activities of SQS-n were mainly attributed to the QC component. In conclusion, this work developed a QC-functionalized hemostatic sponge that is highly desirable for innovative biomedical applications, such as AUGB.

中文翻译：

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生物相容性和抗菌大豆分离蛋白/季铵化壳聚糖复合海绵用于急性上消化道止血

创新的生物医学应用对生物医学材料提出了很高的要求。在此，成功制造了一系列生物相容性、抗菌和止血海绵，用于治疗急性上消化道出血（AUGB）。季铵化壳聚糖 (QC) 和大豆分离蛋白 (SPI) 进行化学交联以获得多孔 SPI/QC 海绵（命名为 SQS-n，n = 30、40、50 或 60 对应于 QC 含量的重量百分比） . 研究了SQS-n的化学成分、物理性质和生物活性。SQS-n可以支持L929细胞的粘附和增殖，而不会引发明显的血液毒性。同时，SQS-n对革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌）均表现出良好的广谱抗菌活性。使用三种不同的出血模型评估了 SQS-n 的体内止血效果。结果表明，SQS-50 在减少失血和止血时间方面表现最好。SQS-50 的整体止血效果与商业明胶海绵相当。SQS-n增强的抗菌和止血活性主要归因于QC成分。总之，这项工作开发了一种 QC 功能化止血海绵，非常适合创新的生物医学应用，例如 AUGB。SQS-n增强的抗菌和止血活性主要归因于QC成分。总之，这项工作开发了一种 QC 功能化止血海绵，非常适合创新的生物医学应用，例如 AUGB。SQS-n增强的抗菌和止血活性主要归因于QC成分。总之，这项工作开发了一种 QC 功能化止血海绵，非常适合创新的生物医学应用，例如 AUGB。