Background Shift work may impact women more negatively than men due to the increased burden of coping with demanding work schedules while also undertaking more of the domestic chores, including childcare. Aims To examine whether the combination of shift working and caring for children affects the sleep, fatigue and work–family conflict experienced by women more than it affects men. Methods Using data from a survey of the Swedish working population, mixed linear regression models examined work schedule (daywork, shift work with nights, shift work without nights), gender and presence of children <13 years at home as predictors of sleep insufficiency, sleep disturbance, fatigue and work–family conflict, over up to three successive measurement occasions. Adjustments were made for age, education, full/part-time working and baseline year. Results In fully adjusted models (N = 8938), shift work was associated with insufficient sleep (P < 0.01), disturbed sleep (P < 0.01), fatigue (P < 0.05) and work–family conflict (P < 0.001). Interactions in the analyses of sleep disturbance (P < 0.001) and work–family interference (P < 0.05) indicated that among participants with no children, females reported more disturbed sleep and more work–family conflict than their male counterparts, irrespective of schedule; while among participants with children, female dayworkers reported more disturbed sleep than their male counterparts, and females working shifts without nights reported more work–family interference. Conclusions Having young children did not exacerbate negative effects of shift work, in either men or women. This may reflect high levels of gender equality and childcare provision in Sweden.

中文翻译：

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比较轮班工作对父母的严重影响

背景 与男性相比，轮班工作对女性的影响可能比男性更大，因为要应对繁重的工作日程，同时还要承担更多的家务活，包括育儿。目的 研究轮班工作和照顾孩子的结合是否对女性的睡眠、疲劳和工作-家庭冲突的影响大于对男性的影响。方法 使用来自瑞典工作人口调查的数据，混合线性回归模型检查了工作时间表（白天工作、夜间轮班工作、无夜间轮班工作）、性别和在家中是否有 13 岁以下儿童作为睡眠不足的预测因素，睡眠障碍、疲劳和工作-家庭冲突，最多连续三个测量场合。对年龄、教育、全职/兼职工作和基准年进行了调整。结果 在完全调整的模型（N = 8938）中，轮班工作与睡眠不足（P < 0.01）、睡眠障碍（P < 0.01）、疲劳（P < 0.05）和工作-家庭冲突（P < 0.05）相关。 0.001)。睡眠障碍（P < 0.001）和工作-家庭干扰（P < 0.05）分析中的交互作用表明，在没有孩子的参与者中，女性报告的睡眠障碍和工作-家庭冲突比男性参与者多，无论日程; 而在有孩子的参与者中，女性白天工作人员报告的睡眠问题比男性同行更严重，而没有夜间轮班工作的女性报告更多的工作-家庭干扰。结论 生育年幼的孩子并没有加剧轮班工作的负面影响，无论是男性还是女性。