The transition to menopause is associated with a changing hormonal milieu, leading to bothersome menopausal symptoms in the short-term and chronic health problems in the long-term. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by the cessation of menses before the age of 40 years. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is indicated to restore sex hormones to normal premenopausal levels and prevent chronic diseases, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is indicated in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women over 45 years of age for managing menopausal symptoms, symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy, and reducing the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Individualization is the key to management, aiming at maximizing efficacy and minimizing clinically relevant risks. This review aimed to present the hormone therapy regimens for women during the transition or after menopause and women with POI and early menopause, as well as advise on: i) the initiation of MHT, ii) steps for monitoring during follow up, iii) weaning and discontinuation of treatment.

向更年期过渡与荷尔蒙环境的变化有关，导致短期内令人烦恼的更年期症状和长期慢性健康问题。卵巢早衰 (POI) 的特征是在 40 岁之前停止月经。激素替代疗法 (HRT) 用于将性激素恢复到正常的绝经前水平并预防慢性疾病，例如骨质疏松症和心血管疾病。绝经期激素治疗 (MHT) 适用于 45 岁以上的围绝经期和绝经后妇女，用于控制绝经期症状、外阴阴道萎缩症状和降低绝经后骨质疏松症的风险。个体化是管理的关键，旨在最大限度地提高疗效并最大限度地降低临床相关风险。