Some gut bacterial pathogens can escape antibody-mediated immunity by changing surface-exposed antigens, such as O-antigens. But by using vaccines targeting specific O-antigens to induce immunoglobulin A responses in the gut, such pathogens can also be directed to evolve towards expressing O-antigen variants that impair gut colonization.

中文翻译：

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肠道 IgA 使病原体承受压力

一些肠道细菌病原体可以通过改变表面暴露的抗原（例如 O 抗原）来逃避抗体介导的免疫。但是，通过使用针对特定 O 抗原的疫苗来诱导肠道中的免疫球蛋白 A 反应，这些病原体也可以被引导向表达 O 抗原变体发展，从而损害肠道定植。