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Crystal growth of the core and rotated epitaxial shell of a heterometallic metal–organic framework revealed with atomic force microscopy
Faraday Discussions ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-14 , DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00033k
Fajar I Pambudi 1, 2 , Michael W Anderson 1 , Martin P Attfield 1
Affiliation  

Atomic force microscopy has been used to determine the surface crystal growth of two isostructural metal–organic frameworks, [Zn2(ndc)2(dabco)] (ndc = 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate, dabco = 4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) (1) and [Cu2(ndc)2(dabco)] (2), from a core crystal of 1 for the former and a core–shell 1@2 crystal for the latter. AFM studies show that the surface terrace morphology expressed is a function of supersaturation, with steps parallel to both the <100> and <110> directions being expressed at higher supersaturations for 1, and steps parallel to the <110> direction being expressed solely at low supersaturation for 1 and 2. The crystal growth mechanisms for both 1 and 2 are essentially identical and involve 2D nucleation and spreading of 0.5 nm high metastable sub-layers of the stable extended 1.0 nm high growth terrace. Surface growth features of 2 indicate that there is an in-plane rotational epitaxy between 2 and 1 of 5.9(7)° that may be directed by the synthesis conditions and that intimate mixtures of different domains of ±5.9(7)° rotational epitaxy are not observed to coexist on the several micron scale on the shell surface. The results provide potential routes and understanding to fabricate MOFs of different crystal forms and defect structures, which are necessary for future advanced function of these versatile materials.

中文翻译:

原子力显微镜揭示异金属金属有机骨架的核和旋转外延壳的晶体生长

原子力显微镜已用于确定两种同构金属-有机骨架 [Zn 2 (ndc) 2 (dabco)](ndc = 1,4-萘二甲酸酯,dabco = 4-二氮杂双环 [2.2.2])的表面晶体生长辛烷) ( 1 ) 和 [Cu 2 (ndc) 2 (dabco)] ( 2 ),前者的核晶体为1,后者的核壳1 @ 2晶体。AFM 研究表明,表面阶地形态是过饱和度的函数,平行于 <100> 和 <110> 方向的台阶在较高的过饱和度下表示1, 平行于 <110> 方向的台阶仅在12 的低过饱和度下表示。12的晶体生长机制基本相同,涉及稳定扩展的 1.0 nm 高生长平台的 0.5 nm 高亚稳态子层的 2D 成核和扩展。的表面生长特征2指示存在之间的面内旋转外延215.9(7)° 可能是由合成条件决定的,并且没有观察到±5.9(7)°旋转外延的不同域的紧密混合物在壳表面的几微米尺度上共存。该结果为制造具有不同晶型和缺陷结构的 MOF 提供了潜在的途径和理解,这对于这些多功能材料的未来高级功能是必不可少的。
更新日期:2021-06-30
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