The hydrology of seasonally inundated depression wetlands can be highly sensitive to climatic fluctuations. Hydroperiod—the number of days per year that a wetland is inundated—is often of primary ecological importance in these systems and can vary interannually depending on climate conditions. In this study we re-examined an existing hydrologic model to simulate daily water levels in Sinking Pond, a 35-hectare seasonally inundated karst-depression wetland in Tennessee, USA. We recalibrated the model using 22 years of climate and water-level observations and used the recalibrated model to reconstruct (hindcast) daily water levels over a 165-year period from 1855 to 2019. A trend analysis of the climatic data and reconstructed water levels over the hindcasting period indicated substantial increases in pond hydroperiod over time, apparently related to increasing regional precipitation. Wetland hydroperiod increased on average by 5.9 days per decade between 1920 and 2019, with a breakpoint around the year 1970. Hydroperiod changes of this magnitude may have profound consequences for wetland ecology, such as a transition from a forested wetland to a mostly open-water pond at the Sinking Pond site. More broadly, this study illustrates the needs for robust hydrologic models of depression wetlands and for consideration of model transferability in time (i.e., hindcasting and forecasting) under non-stationary hydroclimatic conditions. As climate change is expected to influence water cycles, hydrologic processes, and wetland ecohydrology in the coming decades, hydrologic model projections may become increasingly important to detect, anticipate, and potentially mitigate ecological impacts in depression wetland ecosystems.

季节性淹没的洼地湿地的水文可能对气候波动高度敏感。Hydroperiod——湿地每年被淹没的天数——在这些系统中通常具有主要的生态重要性，并且可以根据气候条件每年发生变化。在这项研究中，我们重新检查了现有的水文模型来模拟下沉池的日常水位，下沉池是美国田纳西州 35 公顷季节性淹没的喀斯特洼地湿地。我们使用 22 年的气候和水位观测重新校准模型，并使用重新校准的模型重建（后报）1855 年至 2019 年 165 年间的每日水位。 气候数据和重建水位的趋势分析后推期表明随着时间的推移，池塘水期显着增加，显然与区域降水增加有关。从 1920 年到 2019 年，湿地水期平均每十年增加 5.9 天，在 1970 年左右出现一个断点。这种规模的水期变化可能对湿地生态产生深远的影响，例如从森林湿地过渡到大部分开放水域下沉池遗址的池塘。更广泛地说，这项研究说明了对稳定的洼地湿地水文模型的需求，以及在非平稳水文气候条件下考虑模型在时间上的可转移性（即，后报和预测）的必要性。由于预计未来几十年气候变化将影响水循环、水文过程和湿地生态水文，因此水文模型预测对于检测、预测、