First-language research suggests that new words, after initial episodic-memory encoding, are consolidated and hence become lexically integrated. We asked here if lexical consolidation, about word forms and meanings, occurs in a second language. Italian–English sequential bilinguals learned novel English-like words (e.g., apricon, taught to mean “stapler”). fMRI analyses failed to reveal a predicted shift, after consolidation time, from hippocampal to temporal neocortical activity. In a pause-detection task, responses to existing phonological competitors of learned words (e.g., apricot for apricon) were slowed down if the words had been learned two days earlier (i.e., after consolidation time) but not if they had been learned the same day. In a lexical-decision task, new words primed responses to semantically-related existing words (e.g., apricon-paper) whether the words were learned that day or two days earlier. Consolidation appears to support integration of words into the bilingual lexicon, possibly more rapidly for meanings than for forms.

中文翻译：

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整合作为顺序双语中单词学习的一种机制

第一语言研究表明，在最初的情景记忆编码之后，新词被巩固并因此成为词汇上的整合。我们在这里询问关于词的形式和含义的词汇整合是否出现在第二语言中。意大利语-英语顺序双语者学习新的类似英语的单词（例如，杏子, 被教导为“订书机”）。fMRI 分析未能揭示在巩固时间后从海马到颞叶新皮层活动的预期转变。在停顿检测任务中，对已学单词的现有语音竞争者的反应（例如，杏为了杏子) 如果在两天前（即巩固时间之后）已经学过单词，但如果在同一天学过，则不会减慢。在词汇决策任务中，新词引发对语义相关的现有词的反应（例如，杏纸) 这些词是当天还是两天前学的。合并似乎支持将单词整合到双语词典中，对于意义而言可能比形式更快。