In this paper, we have discussed harvesting of prey and intermediate predator species. Both are subjected to Holling type I–V functional response. Conditions for local and global stability of the nonnegative equilibria are verified. The permanent coexistence criterion of the model system and existence of optimal equilibrium solution of the control problem are demonstrated. Maximum sustainable yield and maximal net present revenue are determined. To confirm analytical results, numerical solution has been carried out using the Matlab™ ODE solver ODE45 and the simulations show the model system reveals complex behavior (such as oscillations), which reflects the real situation.

中文翻译：

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具有一般Holling型函数响应的三物种食物链模型中的共存与收获最优策略

在本文中，我们讨论了猎物和中间捕食者物种的收获。两者都受到 Holling I-V 型功能响应。验证了非负平衡的局部和全局稳定性条件。证明了模型系统的永久共存准则和控制问题最优平衡解的存在性。确定最大可持续产量和最大净现收入。为了确认分析结果，使用 Matlab™ ODE 求解器 ODE45 进行了数值求解，模拟显示模型系统显示了反映真实情况的复杂行为（例如振荡）。