An anthocyanin complex (AC), composed of extracts of purple waxy corn and blue butterfly pea petals, and AC niosomes, bilayered vesicles of non-ionic surfactants, were compared in in vitro and clinical studies. Cultured fibroblasts subjected to a scratch wound were monitored for cell viability, cell migration, nuclear morphology and protein expression. Scratched cells showed accelerated wound healing activity, returning to normal 24 h after treatment with AC niosomes (0.002 mg/mL). Western blots and immunocytochemistry indicated upregulation of type I, III and IV collagens, fibronectin and laminins in AC niosome-treated scratched cells. A randomized block placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial in 60 volunteers (18-60 years old) with oral wounds indicated that AC niosome gel accelerated wound closure, reduced pain due to the oral wounds and improved participants' quality of life more than AC gel, triamcinolone gel and placebo gel. These data are consistent with enhanced delivery of AC to fibroblasts by use of niosomes. AC niosomes activated fibroblasts within wounded regions and accelerated wound healing, indicating that AC niosomes have therapeutic potential.

在体外比较了由紫色蜡质玉米和蓝色蝴蝶豌豆花瓣的提取物和 AC niosomes（非离子表面活性剂的双层囊泡）组成的花青素复合物 (AC)和临床研究。监测经受划伤的培养的成纤维细胞的细胞活力、细胞迁移、核形态和蛋白质表达。划伤的细胞表现出加速的伤口愈合活性，在用 AC niosomes (0.002 mg/mL) 处理后 24 小时恢复正常。蛋白质印迹和免疫细胞化学表明在 AC niosome 处理的划痕细胞中 I、III 和 IV 型胶原蛋白、纤连蛋白和层粘连蛋白上调。一项针对 60 名口腔伤口志愿者（18-60 岁）的随机区组安慰剂对照双盲临床试验表明，与 AC 相比，AC niosome 凝胶加速伤口闭合、减少口腔伤口引起的疼痛并改善参与者的生活质量凝胶、曲安西龙凝胶和安慰剂凝胶。这些数据与通过使用 niosomes 增强 AC 向成纤维细胞的传递相一致。