An ability to build structured mental maps of the world underpins our capacity to imagine relationships between objects that extend beyond experience. In rodents, such representations are supported by sequential place cell reactivations during rest, known as replay. Schizophrenia is proposed to reflect a compromise in structured mental representations, with animal models reporting abnormalities in hippocampal replay and associated ripple activity during rest. Here, utilizing magnetoencephalography (MEG), we tasked patients with schizophrenia and control participants to infer unobserved relationships between objects by reorganizing visual experiences containing these objects. During a post-task rest session, controls exhibited fast spontaneous neural reactivation of presented objects that replayed inferred relationships. Replay was coincident with increased ripple power in hippocampus. Patients showed both reduced replay and augmented ripple power relative to controls, convergent with findings in animal models. These abnormalities are linked to impairments in behavioral acquisition and subsequent neural representation of task structure.

构建结构化世界思维地图的能力支撑着我们想象超越经验的物体之间关系的能力。在啮齿类动物中，这种表征是由休息期间顺序位置细胞重新激活（称为重放）支持的。精神分裂症被认为反映了结构化心理表征的妥协，动物模型报告了休息期间海马重放和相关波纹活动的异常。在这里，利用脑磁图（MEG），我们要求精神分裂症患者和对照参与者通过重组包含这些物体的视觉体验来推断物体之间未观察到的关系。在任务后休息期间，对照组表现出对呈现的物体快速自发的神经重新激活，从而重播推断的关系。重放与海马体纹波功率增加同时发生。与对照组相比，患者表现出重播减少和纹波功率增强，这与动物模型中的发现一致。这些异常与行为习得和随后的任务结构神经表征的损伤有关。