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Associations of adverse and positive childhood experiences with adult physical and mental health and risk behaviours in Slovenia
European Journal of Psychotraumatology ( IF 5.783 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-30 , DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1924953
Metka Kuhar 1 , Gaja Zager Kocjan 2
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Background: Many studies demonstrated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and diminished health functioning in adulthood. A growing literature has shown that positive childhood experiences (PCEs) co-occurring with ACEs reduce the risks for negative outcomes.

Objective: The aim was to investigate how ACEs and PCEs are simultaneously associated with health outcomes in adulthood, including self-rated health, physical and mental health outcomes, and health-risk behaviours.

Methods: A panel sample of 4,847 Slovenian adults was used and the data were weighted to closely resemble the Slovenian population. A series of logistic regression analyses were performed to examine how ACEs and PCEs predict the risk of various health outcomes.

Results: Significant associations, as measured by adjusted odds ratios, were found between higher ACEs exposure and each of the 16 health outcomes evaluated. Adjusting for above median PCEs attenuated the association between ACEs and 6 health outcomes (poor self-rated physical and mental health, depression, anxiety, suicide attempt, physical inactivity; OR for ≥ 4 vs. 0 ACEs, 1.48–9.34). Mirroring these findings, above median PCEs were associated with lowered odds of these 6 health outcomes after adjusting for ACEs (OR for above vs. below median PCEs, 0.46–0.67), but not with odds of physical health outcomes and most of the health-risk behaviours. Stratified analyses by ACEs exposure level showed that the association between PCEs and self-rated health remained stable across ACEs exposure levels, while the association between PCEs and mental health outcomes and physical inactivity varied across ACEs exposure levels.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that above median PCEs attenuate the association between ACEs and poor self-rated health, mental health problems, and physical inactivity in later life, and are negatively associated with these health problems even in the concurrent presence of ACEs. Interventions to promote PCEs can help to reduce unfavourable long-term health outcomes following childhood adversity.



中文翻译:

斯洛文尼亚不良和积极童年经历与成人身心健康和危险行为的关联

摘要

背景:许多研究证明了不良童年经历 (ACE) 与成年后健康功能下降之间的关系。越来越多的文献表明,积极的童年经历 (PCE) 与 ACE 同时发生可以降低负面结果的风险。

目的:目的是调查 ACE 和 PCE 如何同时与成年期的健康结果相关,包括自评健康、身心健康结果和健康风险行为。

方法:使用了 4,847 名斯洛文尼亚成年人的面板样本,并对数据进行加权以与斯洛文尼亚人口非常相似。进行了一系列逻辑回归分析以检查 ACE 和 PCE 如何预测各种健康结果的风险。

结果:根据调整后的比值比衡量,在较高的 ACE 暴露与所评估的 16 种健康结果中的每一种之间都发现了显着关联。调整高于中位数的 PCE 减弱了 ACE 与 6 种健康结果之间的关联(自我评价的身心健康状况不佳、抑郁、焦虑、自杀未遂、缺乏运动;OR ≥ 4 与 0 ACE,1.48–9.34)。反映这些发现,高于中位数 PCE 与调整 ACE 后这 6 种健康结果的几率降低相关(或高于与低于中位数 PCE,0.46-0.67),但与身体健康结果和大多数健康结果的几率无关风险行为。按 ACE 暴露水平进行的分层分析表明,PCE 与自评健康之间的关联在 ACE 暴露水平上保持稳定,

结论:我们的结果表明,高于中位数的 PCE 减弱了 ACE 与自评健康状况不佳、心理健康问题和晚年缺乏身体活动之间的关联,并且即使同时存在 ACE 也与这些健康问题呈负相关。促进 PCE 的干预措施有助于减少童年逆境后不利的长期健康结果。

更新日期:2021-06-30
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