ABSTRACT

The multifaceted issues regarding university-industry relations are an increasing focus of attention of both scholars and practitioners, as a means of enhancing current knowledge transfer practices and policies. One of the central questions is whether and how the mechanisms underlying different types of university-industry collaborations (collaborative research, contract research, consulting) influence universities’ research commercialisation outcomes (patenting, licensing, spin-off generation). Results of six negative binomial models in Generalized Estimating Equations based on longitudinal panel data on Italian universities, reveal that while collaborative research with industry leads to an increase in patenting activities and spin-off generation, contract research and consulting boost licensing opportunities. Results also reveal complementarities between different types of university-industry linkages, fostering all the types of research commercialisation outcomes. Managerial and policy implications are discussed at the end of this paper.

摘要

作为加强当前知识转移实践和政策的一种手段，关于大学与产业关系的多方面问题越来越受到学者和从业者的关注。核心问题之一是不同类型的大学与产业合作（合作研究、合同研究、咨询）的机制是否以及如何影响大学的研究商业化成果（专利、许可、衍生产品）。基于意大利大学纵向面板数据的广义估计方程中的六个负二项式模型的结果表明，虽然与行业的合作研究导致专利活动和衍生产品的增加，但合同研究和咨询增加了许可机会。结果还揭示了不同类型的大学与产业联系之间的互补性，促进了所有类型的研究商业化成果。本文最后讨论了管理和政策影响。