The present study investigated the physical and neutron- and gamma-ray-shielding features of a sodium oxide (Na₂O)-doped lead (Pb)–silicate glass system. The chemical composition of the glass system is described by the formula xNa₂O–50SiO₂·(50 − x)PbO, where x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mol%. Moreover, the shielding features were investigated by utilizing the Geant4 simulation code and the Xcom program. The density of the glasses (ρ _glass) was enhanced from 2.460 to 6.995 g/cm³. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC, μ/ρ) was calculated. The MACs were arranged in the order of (NSP50)_MAC > (NSP40)_MAC > (NSP30)_MAC > (NSP20)_MAC > (NSP10)_MAC > (NSP0)_MAC. The half-value layer varied from 14.23 to 2.55 cm for NSP0 to NSP50, respectively, at 0.015 MeV. The mean free path (MFP) values ensured the shielding capacity for NSP-glasses, as it was found to possess the shortest MFP, and its value at 0.015 MeV changed from 20.53 to 3.68 cm for NSP0 and NSP50, respectively. The NSP50 glass sample has the highest Z _eff, which increased from 32.70 to 76.93. The calculated exposure buildup factor values were greater than those of the energy absorption buildup factor at fixed energy and penetration depth for all studied glasses. The fast neutron removal cross-section ∑_R (cm⁻¹) increased gradually with the increase in lead (II) oxide content. Finally, one can conclude that the investigated NSP0–NSP50 glasses are superior materials for neutron and γ-ray shielding.

中文翻译：

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Na2O-SiO2-PbO 玻璃的物理、中子和伽马射线屏蔽参数

本研究调查了掺杂氧化钠 (Na ₂ O) 的铅 (Pb)-硅酸盐玻璃系统的物理和中子和伽马射线屏蔽特性。玻璃体系的化学成分由公式x Na ₂ O–50SiO ₂ ·(50 - x )PbO 描述，其中x = 0、10、20、30、40和 50 mol%。此外，利用 Geant4 仿真代码和 Xcom 程序研究了屏蔽特性。玻璃（ρ _玻璃）的密度从2.460提高到6.995 g/cm ³。质量衰减系数（MAC，μ / ρ) 计算。MAC 以 (NSP50) _MAC > (NSP40) _MAC > (NSP30) _MAC > (NSP20) _MAC > (NSP10) _MAC > (NSP0) _{MAC 的}顺序排列。NSP0 至 NSP50 的半值层分别为 14.23 至 2.55 cm，为 0.015 MeV。平均自由程 (MFP) 值确保了 NSP 玻璃的屏蔽能力，因为它被发现具有最短的 MFP，其在 0.015 MeV 时的值分别从 NSP0 和 NSP50 的 20.53 变为 3.68 cm。NSP50 玻璃样品具有最高的Z _eff，从 32.70 增加到 76.93。对于所有研究的玻璃，计算出的暴露累积因子值大于固定能量和穿透深度下的能量吸收累积因子值。快中子去除截面∑ _R (cm ^-1 )随着氧化铅(II)含量的增加而逐渐增加。最后，可以得出结论，所研究的 NSP0-NSP50 玻璃是用于中子和 γ 射线屏蔽的优良材料。