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Testing visible ozone injury within a Light Exposed Sampling Site as a proxy for ozone risk assessment for European forests
Journal of Forestry Research ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s11676-021-01327-7
Pierre Sicard , Yasutomo Hoshika , Elisa Carrari , Alessandra De Marco , Elena Paoletti

Biologically meaningful and cost-effective indicators are needed for assessing and monitoring the impacts of tropospheric ozone (O3) on vegetation and are required in Europe by the National Emission Ceilings Directive (2016). However, a clear understanding on the best suited indicators is missing. The MOTTLES (MOnitoring ozone injury for seTTing new critical LEvelS) project set up a new generation network for O3 monitoring in forest plots in order to: 1) estimate the stomatal O3 fluxes (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold Y of uptake, PODY); and 2) collect visible foliar O3 injury, both within the forest plot (ITP) and along the Light Exposed Sampling Site (LESS) along the forest edge. Nine forest sites at high O3 risk were selected across Italy over 2017 − 2019 and significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the percentage of symptomatic plant species within the LESS, and POD1 (PODY, with Y = 1 nmol O3 m−2 s−1) calculated for mixed forest species (r = 0.53) and with the occurrence and severity of visible foliar O3 injury on the dominant species in the plots (r = 0.65). A generic flux-based critical level for mixed forest species was derived within the LESS and it was recommended using 11 mmol m−2 POD1 as the critical level for forest protection against O3 injury, similar to the critical level obtained in the ITP (12 mmol m−2 POD1). It was concluded that the frequency of symptomatic plant species within a LESS is a suitable and effective plant-response indicator of phytotoxic O3 levels in forest monitoring. LESS is a non-destructive, less complex and less time-consuming approach compared to the ITP for monitoring foliar O3 injury in the long term. Assessing visible foliar O3 injury in the ITP might only underestimate the O3 risk assessment at individual sites. These results are biologically meaningful and useful to monitoring experts and environmental policy makers.



中文翻译:

测试暴露在光的采样点内可见的臭氧损伤,作为欧洲森林臭氧风险评估的代理

评估和监测对流层臭氧 (O 3 ) 对植被的影响需要具有生物学意义和成本效益的指标,欧洲国家排放上限指令 (2016) 也要求提供这些指标。然而,缺乏对最适合指标的清晰理解。MOTTLES(监测臭氧损伤以设置新的临界水平)项目为林地中的O 3监测建立了新一代网络,以便:1)估计气孔 O 3通量(植物毒性臭氧剂量高于吸收阈值Y,PODY ); 和 2) 收集可见的叶面 O 3伤害,无论是在森林地块 (ITP) 内还是沿着森林边缘的光暴露采样点 (LESS)。在 2017 - 2019 年间,意大利选择了9 个高 O 3风险的森林地点, 发现 LESS 内有症状的植物物种百分比与 POD1(PODY,Y  = 1 nmol O 3 m )之间存在显着相关性(p < 0.05)−2  s −1 ) 针对混交林物种 ( r  = 0.53) 以及地块中优势物种的可见叶面 O 3损伤的发生率和严重程度( r = 0.65)。在 LESS 中导出了一个基于通量的通用临界水平,建议使用 11 mmol m -2 POD1 作为森林保护免受 O 3伤害的临界水平,类似于 ITP 中获得的临界水平(12 mmol m -2 POD1)。得出的结论是,LESS 中出现症状的植物物种的频率是森林监测中植物毒性 O 3水平的合适且有效的植物响应指标。与 ITP 相比,LESS 是一种非破坏性、更简单、更省时的方法,用于长期监测叶面 O 3损伤。评估ITP 中可见的叶面 O 3损伤可能只会低估 O 3个别地点的风险评估。这些结果具有生物学意义,对监测专家和环境政策制定者有用。

更新日期:2021-06-30
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