In this article, we review the current knowledge of the glacial recession and related glacial lake development in the Andes of South America. Since the mid-1980s, hundreds of glacial lakes either expanded or formed, and predictions show that additional hundreds of lakes will form throughout the 21st century. However, studies on glacial lakes in the Andes are still relatively rare. Many glacial lakes pose a potential hazard to local communities, but glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are understudied. We provide an overview on hazards from glacial lakes such as GLOFs and water pollution, and their monitoring approaches. In real-time monitoring, the use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) and early warning systems (EWSs) is still extremely rare in the Andes, but increasingly authorities plan to install mitigation systems to reduce glacial lake risk and protect local communities. In support, we propose an international remote sensing-based observation initiative following the model of, for example, the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) one, with the headquarters in one of the Andean nations.

在本文中，我们回顾了当前对南美洲安第斯山脉冰川衰退和相关冰川湖发展的认识。自 1980 年代中期以来，数百个冰川湖要么扩张，要么形成，预测显示，整个 21 世纪将形成数百个冰川湖。然而，对安第斯山脉冰川湖泊的研究还比较少见。许多冰川湖对当地社区构成潜在危害，但对冰川湖溃决洪水 (GLOF) 的研究不足。我们概述了冰川湖的危害，例如 GLOF 和水污染，以及它们的监测方法。在实时监测中，无人机系统（UAS）和预警系统（EWS）的使用在安第斯山脉仍然极为罕见，但越来越多的当局计划安装缓解系统，以减少冰川湖风险并保护当地社区。作为支持，我们提出了一项基于国际遥感的观测计划，例如遵循全球陆地冰测量空间 (GLIMS) 模型，其总部位于安第斯国家之一。