The way we make, use, and throw away our clothes and other textile products is unsustainable. Textile production is among the most pollutant industrial activity, consuming lake-sized volumes of fresh water, discharging hazardous chemicals, creating microplastic pollution from synthetic fibers, consuming unrenewable resources, and contributing more to climate change than international aviation and shipping combined. So, new technologies need to be applied throughout the textile production chain to minimize the environmental impact. The answer for the change can be in microorganisms. Microbial enzymes, powerful catalysts, can substitute chemicals during several processing steps, as well as, they can work in solid and water waste treatment. Microorganisms can produce biopigments that can confer color to fibers instead of synthetic dyes. The versatile metabolisms of microorganisms can be explored to produce new products from textile waste, like bioethanol, or produce new material as bacterial cellulose and recombinant silk. Even the entire microbial cell can be used as intelligent composites. This review aims to show how microorganisms offer several opportunities to improve the sustainability of the textile industry and expose the idea that microorganisms may support the future of the textile/fashion industry.

我们制造、使用和丢弃衣服和其他纺织产品的方式是不可持续的。纺织品生产是污染最严重的工业活动之一，它消耗湖泊大小的淡水，排放危险化学品，合成纤维造成微塑料污染，消耗不可再生资源，对气候变化的贡献超过国际航空和航运的总和。因此，需要在整个纺织品生产链中应用新技术，以尽量减少对环境的影响。这种变化的答案可以在微生物中。微生物酶是强大的催化剂，可以在多个加工步骤中替代化学品，也可以用于固体和水废物处理。微生物可以产生生物颜料，可以为纤维而不是合成染料赋予颜色。可以探索微生物的多功能代谢，以从纺织废料中生产新产品，如生物乙醇，或生产新材料，如细菌纤维素和重组丝。甚至整个微生物细胞都可以用作智能复合材料。本综述旨在展示微生物如何提供多种机会来提高纺织业的可持续性，并揭示微生物可能支持纺织/时装业未来的想法。