Prospective memory (PM), the ability to remember to complete intended tasks, is essential for successfully completing activities of daily living. PM impairments are common in people with neuropathology such as acquired brain injury and dementia. These PM impairments affect individuals’ capabilities in key aspects of daily living including their health, safety, and independence. The Prospective Memory Concerns Questionnaire (PMCQ) was designed as a self-report measure to understand individuals’ concerns about their memory. This questionnaire may help identify issues with PM which in turn may assist clinicians in the targeted implementation of memory compensation strategies. The PMCQ was developed using Rasch and classical test methodologies, with subscales measuring frequency of forgetting behaviors, memory concerns, and retrieval failures. The current study aimed to confirm the factor structure of the PMCQ for use in adults in the general population. The study also aimed to examine relationships between the PMCQ and naturalistic performance-based measures of PM to determine how the self-report PMCQ could be used in conjunction with performance-based measures. A community dwelling sample of 558 adults completed the PMCQ, an event-based naturalistic PM task, and time-based naturalistic PM task. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) indicated that a higher order three-factor model with three subscales containing 35 items produced acceptable fit (RMSEA = 0.056 [90% CI .054, .060], SRMR =.062, CFI = .9156, TLI = .909) The PMCQ demonstrated good internal consistency (total α=0.95, subscales: α=0.88-0.89). The Forgetting Behaviors subscale significantly correlated with performance on the event-based naturalistic PM task (r=-.14, p<.01). The Memory Concerns and Retrieval Failures subscales did not correlate significantly with performance-based PM tasks. These findings suggest that the PMCQ may be best suited for assessing individuals’ concerns about their forgetting behaviors and identifying appropriate compensation strategies or support services. It is recommended that the PMCQ be used alongside performance-based PM tasks and other cognitive measures to comprehensively assess PM. It was concluded that the PMCQ is a suitable measure for use in adults in the general population. Further validation research of the PMCQ in general population and clinical samples will determine the measures’ sensitivity and specificity in identifying PM impairments.

中文翻译：

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前瞻性记忆问题问卷 (PMCQ) 的验证

前瞻记忆 (PM)，即记住完成预定任务的能力，对于成功完成日常生活活动至关重要。PM 损伤在患有神经病理学的人群中很常见，例如获得性脑损伤和痴呆症。这些 PM 损伤会影响个人在日常生活的关键方面的能力，包括他们的健康、安全和独立性。预期记忆问题问卷 (PMCQ) 旨在作为一种自我报告措施，以了解个人对其记忆的担忧。该问卷可能有助于识别 PM 的问题，进而有助于临床医生有针对性地实施记忆补偿策略。PMCQ 是使用 Rasch 和经典测试方法开发的，其子量表测量遗忘行为、记忆问题和检索失败的频率。目前的研究旨在确认 PMCQ 的因素结构，用于一般人群中的成年人。该研究还旨在检查 PMCQ 与基于自然绩效的 PM 测量之间的关系，以确定如何将自我报告的 PMCQ 与基于绩效的测量结合使用。由 558 名成年人组成的社区住宅样本完成了 PMCQ、基于事件的自然 PM 任务和基于时间的自然 PM 任务。验证性因子分析 (CFA) 表明，包含 35 个项目的三个分量表的高阶三因子模型产生了可接受的拟合（RMSEA = 0.056 [90% CI .054, .060]，SRMR =.062，CFI = .9156，TLI = .909) PMCQ 表现出良好的内部一致性（总α=0.95，分量表：α=0.88-0.89）。遗忘行为分量表与基于事件的自然 PM 任务的表现显着相关 (r=-.14, p<.01)。Memory Concerns 和 Retrieval Failures 子量表与基于性能的 PM 任务没有显着相关性。这些发现表明 PMCQ 可能最适合评估个人对其遗忘行为的担忧并确定适当的补偿策略或支持服务。建议将 PMCQ 与基于绩效的 PM 任务和其他认知措施一起使用，以全面评估 PM。得出的结论是，PMCQ 是适用于一般人群中的成年人的合适措施。PMCQ 在一般人群和临床样本中的进一步验证研究将确定这些措施在识别 PM 损伤方面的敏感性和特异性。