The decentralized wastewater treatment is considered as an effective way to control the water pollution in rural areas and it has been rapidly developed in many countries. However, there is still a lack of analysis and evaluation of the operation of treatment facilities. Herein, rural decentralized wastewater treatment facilities of 146 sets distributed in ten villages and towns of the Dali City surrounding the Erhai Lake, were analyzed and evaluated for one whole year. The running status, treatment technologies including anaerobic-anoxic-oxic membrane bio-reactor (A²/O-MBR) facultative membrane bio-reactor (FMBR) and soil purification tank (SPT) were identified, and only 94 sets were in normal running status during the whole year of four times evaluation, with a total yearly serviceability ratio of 64.4%. The 94 sets facilities in normal running status, including 55 sets of A²/O-MBR, 33 sets of FMBR and 6 sets of STP, exhibited annual average removal efficiency of 73.7% total nitrogen(TN), 87.6% ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), 72.0% chemical oxygen demand(COD), 83.6% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) and 56.9% total phosphorus (TP). The annual average standard-achieving ratio of 94 sets facilities for COD and BOD₅ reached more than 70%, whereas it was 44.68% and 55.32% for TN and NH₃–N. Particularly, it was merely 4.26% for TP, suggesting that how to improve TP treatment efficiency is the primary target in future research. The A²/O-MBR in normal running status could achieve an annual removal efficiency of 75.5% TN, 89.4% NH₃-N, 64.1% TP and 72.8% COD, which demonstrated a significant advantage in organics degradation, denitrification, and dephosphorization. In contrast, the FMBR demonstrated a weaker capability for removing phosphates, whereas the SPT showed a lower nitrogen removal. On this basis, some suggestions in design, operation, and management are put forward.

分散式污水处理被认为是控制农村水污染的有效方法，在许多国家得到了迅速发展。但对处理设施运行情况仍缺乏分析评价。在此，对分布在大理市洱海周边10个乡镇的146套农村分散式污水处理设施进行了为期一年的分析评价。厌氧-缺氧-好氧膜生物反应器（A ²/O-MBR)兼性膜生物反应器（FMBR）和土壤净化池（SPT），四次评价全年只有94台处于正常运行状态，总年使用率64.4% . 正常运行状态的94套设施，其中A ² /O-MBR 55套，FMBR 33套，STP 6套，年平均脱除总氮（TN）73.7%，氨​​氮（NH）87.6% ₃ -N)、72.0% 的化学需氧量 (COD)、83.6% 的生化需氧量 (BOD ₅ ) 和 56.9% 的总磷 (TP)。COD和BOD ₅ 94套设施年均达标率达到70%以上，TN和NH _{3 分别}为44.68%和55.32%-N。特别是TP仅为4.26%，表明如何提高TP处理效率是未来研究的主要目标。A ² /O-MBR在正常运行状态下可实现75.5% TN、89.4% NH ₃ -N、64.1% TP和72.8% COD的年去除效率，在有机物降解、反硝化和脱磷方面具有显着优势. 相比之下，FMBR 表现出较弱的去除磷酸盐的能力，而 SPT 表现出较低的氮去除能力。在此基础上，提出了一些设计、运行和管理方面的建议。