Objective

This study explores whether data relating to rickets from the French medico-historical literature (FMHL) and bioarchaeological grey literature are useful in evaluating its epidemiology during the industrialisation of France. Unlike other European countries such as England, industrialisation in France was a slow and continuous process with two phases: the first in 1830–1870 and the second in 1870–1914.

Materials and methods

A bibliographical analysis of 2800 FMHL sources from the 18th to the early 20th centuries and 50 archaeological excavation reports from the last 21 years was undertaken.

Results

The FMHL data is very heterogeneous and predominantly dates to the second phase of industrialisation. The bioarchaeological data is very incomplete and predominantly relates to the period before industrialisation. At the same time, knowledge improvement and institutional changes to protect children could explain more systematic registration of cases of rickets.

Conclusions

No solid conclusions can be made regarding the prevalence of rickets at present, however these data hold great potential.

Significance

In comparison to England, no systematic investigation of rickets prevalence during the period of industrialisation in France has been undertaken to date.

Limitations

The lack of archaeological excavations from this period and the limited paleopathological analysis of the sites excavated have contributed to our current lack of understanding regarding the impact of industrialization on the prevalence of rickets on the French population.

Suggestions for further work

The FMHL data needs to be homogenized and osteoarchaeological collections need to be restudied with a common protocol focusing on signs of vitamin D deficiency.

中文翻译：

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法国工业化时期佝偻病的古流行病学能否通过生物考古灰色文献和18-20世纪初的法国医学史文献进行研究？对复杂主题的初步审查

客观的

本研究探讨法国医学历史文献 (FMHL) 和生物考古灰色文献中与佝偻病相关的数据是否有助于评估法国工业化期间的流行病学。与英国等其他欧洲国家不同，法国的工业化是一个缓慢而持​​续的过程，分为两个阶段：第一阶段是 1830 年至 1870 年，第二阶段是 1870 年至 1914 年。

材料和方法

对 18 世纪至 20 世纪初的 2800 份 FMHL 资料和过去 21 年的 50 份考古发掘报告进行了书目分析。

结果

FMHL 数据非常多样化，主要是工业化的第二阶段。生物考古数据非常不完整，主要与工业化之前的时期有关。同时，保护儿童的知识改进和制度变化可以解释更系统地登记佝偻病病例。

结论

目前还不能对佝偻病的患病率做出可靠的结论，但这些数据具有很大的潜力。

意义

与英国相比，迄今为止，尚未对法国工业化时期佝偻病患病率进行系统调查。

限制

这一时期考古发掘的缺乏以及对发掘遗址的古病理学分析有限，导致我们目前对工业化对法国人口佝偻病流行的影响缺乏了解。

对进一步工作的建议

需要对 FMHL 数据进行均质化，并且需要使用针对维生素 D 缺乏症迹象的通用协议重新研究骨考古收集。