Antimicrobial peptides, as an important member of the innate immune system, have various biological activities in addition to antimicrobial activity. There are some AMPs with antidiabetic activity, especially those isolated from amphibians. These peptides can induce insulin release via different mechanisms based on peptide type. In this review study, we collected all reported AMPs with antidiabetic activity. We also analyze the sequence and structure of these peptides for evaluation of sequence and structure effect on their antidiabetic activity. Based on this review, the biggest peptide family with antidiabetic activity is temporins with nine antidiabetic peptides. Frogs are the most abundant source of antidiabetic peptides. Bioinformatics analysis showed that an increase of positive net charge and a decrease of hydrophobicity can improve the insulinotropic effect of peptides. Peptides with higher positive net charge and Boman index showed higher activity. Based on this review article, AMPs with antidiabetic activity, especially those isolated from amphibians, can be used as novel antidiabetic drug for type 2 diabetes disease. So, amphibians are potential sources for active peptides which merit further evaluation as novel insulin secretagogues. However, strategy for the increase of stability and positive activity as well as the decrease of negative side effects must be considered.

中文翻译：

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来自两栖动物先天免疫系统的抗菌肽作为有效的抗糖尿病药物：文献回顾和生物信息学分析

抗菌肽作为先天免疫系统的重要成员，除具有抗菌活性外，还具有多种生物学活性。有一些 AMP 具有抗糖尿病活性，尤其是从两栖动物中分离出来的那些。这些肽可以通过基于肽类型的不同机制诱导胰岛素释放。在这项回顾性研究中，我们收集了所有报告的具有抗糖尿病活性的 AMP。我们还分析了这些肽的序列和结构，以评估序列和结构对其抗糖尿病活性的影响。根据这篇综述，具有抗糖尿病活性的最大肽家族是temporins含有九种抗糖尿病肽。青蛙是最丰富的抗糖尿病肽来源。生物信息学分析表明，净正电荷的增加和疏水性的降低可以提高肽的促胰岛素作用。具有较高正净电荷和Boman指数的肽表现出较高的活性。根据这篇综述文章，具有抗糖尿病活性的 AMP，尤其是从两栖动物中分离出来的 AMP，可用作治疗 2 型糖尿病的新型抗糖尿病药物。因此，两栖动物是活性肽的潜在来源，值得进一步评估作为新型胰岛素促分泌剂。然而，必须考虑增加稳定性和积极活动以及减少负面副作用的策略。