Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are a class of newly introduced antidiabetic medications that potentially lower blood glucose by several molecular pathways. DPP-4 inhibitors are the other type of novel antidiabetic medications which act by preventing GLP-1 inactivation and thereby increasing the activity levels of GLP-1, leading to more glucose-induced insulin release from islet β-cells and suppression of glucagon release. Most patients with diabetes have concurrent hypertension and cardiovascular disorder. If antihyperglycemic agents can attenuate the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, they will amplify their overall beneficial effects. There is conflicting evidence on the cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1R induction in laboratory studies and clinical trials. In this study, we have reviewed the main molecular mechanisms by which GLP-1R induction may modulate the cardiovascular function and the results of cardiovascular outcome clinical trials.

中文翻译：

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胰高血糖素样肽 1 受体激动剂和二肽二肽酶 4 抑制剂对糖尿病血压和心血管并发症的影响


胰高血糖素样肽 1 受体 (GLP-1R) 激动剂是一类新推出的抗糖尿病药物，可通过多种分子途径降低血糖。 DPP-4 抑制剂是另一种新型抗糖尿病药物，其作用是防止 GLP-1 失活，从而提高 GLP-1 的活性水平，导致更多葡萄糖诱导的胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素并抑制胰高血糖素释放。大多数糖尿病患者同时患有高血压和心血管疾病。如果抗高血糖药物可以降低高血压和心血管疾病的风险，那么它们就会放大其总体有益效果。实验室研究和临床试验中关于 GLP-1R 诱导对心血管的益处存在相互矛盾的证据。在本研究中，我们回顾了GLP-1R诱导调节心血管功能的主要分子机制以及心血管结局临床试验的结果。