Aims Changes in motor activity are core symptoms of mood episodes in bipolar disorder. The manic state is characterized by increased variance, augmented complexity and irregular circadian rhythmicity when compared to healthy controls. The aim was to characterize differences in motor activity when comparing manic patients to their euthymic selves. Methods Motor activity was collected from 14 bipolar inpatients in mania and remission. 24-h recordings and 2-h time series in the morning and evening were analyzed for mean activity, variability and complexity. Lastly, the recordings were analyzed with the similarity graph algorithm and graph theory concepts such as edges, bridges, connected components and cliques. Results When compared to euthymia, over the duration of approximately one circadian cycle, the manic state presented reduced variability, displayed by decreased standard deviation (p = 0.013) and augmented complexity shown by increased sample entropy (p = 0.025). During mania there were also fewer edges (p = 0.039) and more bridges (p = 0.026). Similar changes in variability and complexity were observed in the 2-h morning and evening sequences, mainly in the estimates of the similarity graph algorithm. A comparison of morning and evening sequences within states revealed no significant change in estimates for mania. Contrarily, the euthymic state showed significant evening differences in variance and complexity, displayed by fewer edges (p = 0.010) and an increased number of connected components (p = 0.009). Conclusion The motor activity of mania is characterized by altered complexity, variability, and circadian rhythms when compared within-subject to euthymia.

中文翻译：

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运动活动区分双相情感障碍情绪状态的复杂性和变异性分析

目的 运动活动的变化是双相情感障碍情绪发作的核心症状。与健康对照相比，躁狂状态的特点是变异增加、复杂性增加和昼夜节律不规则。目的是在比较躁狂患者与他们的正常自我时表征运动活动的差异。方法收集14例躁狂期和缓解期双相障碍患者的运动活动。分析了早上和晚上的 24 小时记录和 2 小时时间序列的平均活动、可变性和复杂性。最后，使用相似图算法和图论概念（如边、桥、连通分量和派系）对录音进行了分析。结果 与心境正常相比，在大约一个昼夜节律周期的持续时间内，躁狂状态的变异性降低，降低的标准偏差 (p = 0.013) 和增加的样本熵 (p = 0.025) 显示的增强的复杂性显示。在躁狂期间，边缘也更少（p = 0.039）和更多的桥梁（p = 0.026）。在 2 小时早晚序列中观察到类似的变异性和复杂性变化，主要是在相似图算法的估计中。对各州内早晚序列的比较显示，躁狂症的估计值没有显着变化。相反，愉悦状态在方差和复杂性方面表现出显着的晚间差异，表现为更少的边缘 (p = 0.010) 和增加的连接组件数量 (p = 0.009)。结论 躁狂症的运动活动的特点是复杂性、变异性和昼夜节律的改变，与受试者内的情绪正常相比。