ABSTRACT

Introduction: An efficacious vaccine for HIV-1 has been sought for over 30 years to eliminate the virus from the human population. Many challenges have occurred in the attempt to produce a successful immunogen, mainly caused by the basic biology of the virus. Immunogens have been developed focusing on inducing one or more of the following types of immune responses; neutralizing antibodies, non-neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell mediated responses. One way to better present and develop an immunogen for HIV-1 is through the use of nanotechnology and nanoparticles.

Areas covered: This article gives a basic overview of the HIV-1 vaccine field, as well as nanotechnology, specifically nanovaccines. It then covers the application of nanovaccines made from biological macromolecules to HIV-1 vaccine development for neutralizing antibodies, non-neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell-mediated responses.

Expert opinion: Nanovaccines are an area that is ripe for further exploration in HIV-1 vaccine field. Not only are nanovaccines capable of carrying and presenting antigens in native-like conformations, but they have also repeatedly been shown to increase immunogenicity over recombinant antigens alone. Only through further research can the true role of nanovaccines in the development of an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine be established.

摘要

简介： 30 多年来，人们一直在寻找一种有效的 HIV-1 疫苗来消除人群中的病毒。在尝试生产成功的免疫原时遇到了许多挑战，主要是由病毒的基本生物学引起的。已开发出专注于诱导以下一种或多种免疫反应类型的免疫原；中和抗体、非中和抗体和 T 细胞介导的反应。更好地呈现和开发 HIV-1 免疫原的一种方法是使用纳米技术和纳米粒子。

涵盖的领域：本文对 HIV-1 疫苗领域以及纳米技术，特别是纳米疫苗进行了基本概述。然后，它涵盖了由生物大分子制成的纳米疫苗在 HIV-1 疫苗开发中的应用，用于中和抗体、非中和抗体和 T 细胞介导的反应。

专家意见：纳米疫苗是HIV-1疫苗领域进一步探索的成熟领域。纳米疫苗不仅能够以类似天然的构象携带和呈递抗原，而且还反复显示它们比单独的重组抗原增加了免疫原性。只有通过进一步的研究，才能确定纳米疫苗在开发有效的 HIV-1 疫苗中的真正作用。