Learning about past biological interactions is possible thanks to the study of trace fossils, such as coprolites found in archaeological sites. The multiproxy analysis of coprolites may provide evidence of direct and indirect consumption of diet items and thus reconstructing the ecological dynamics of past ecosystems. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the content of plant fragments, pollen and silica phytoliths in coprolites found in the archaeological site Cerro Casa de Piedra 5 (47º57′S; 72º05′W), located in the Perito Moreno National Park, Santa Cruz, Argentina, in an archaeological layer dated to 6540 ± 110 years ¹⁴C BP (7402 cal years BP), with the aim to recognize dietary habits in those times. According to their morphological features and content, the coprolites were assigned to omnivores (humans/canids) and herbivores (camelids). The multiproxy analysis of these coprolites allowed us to reach a higher taxonomic resolution in the identification of some plant items in the diet, to make inferences on the indirect consumption of vegetation through the consumption of stomachs and other viscera of camelids by omnivores, and to observe similarities and complementarities in terms of the presence and abundance of taxa. The limitations and potentialities of multiproxy analysis to infer past dietary habits are discussed. The information obtained provides greater knowledge about the predator-prey interactions of the Middle Holocene in south-western Patagonia.

由于对遗迹化石的研究，例如考古遗址中发现的粪化石，了解过去的生物相互作用成为可能。粪化石的多代理分析可以提供直接和间接消费饮食项目的证据，从而重建过去生态系统的生态动态。在这项研究中，我们对位于佩里托莫雷诺国家公园的考古遗址 Cerro Casa de Piedra 5（47º57′S；72º05′W）中发现的粪化石中的植物碎片、花粉和二氧化硅植硅体的含量进行了比较分析，阿根廷圣克鲁斯，位于 6540 ± 110 年的考古层中¹⁴C BP（7402 cal years BP），旨在识别那个时代的饮食习惯。根据它们的形态特征和含量，粪化石被分为杂食动物（人类/犬科动物）和食草动物（骆驼科动物）。对这些粪化石的多代理分析使我们能够在识别饮食中的某些植物项目时达到更高的分类分辨率，推断杂食动物通过食用骆驼科动物的胃和其他内脏间接食用植物，并观察类群存在和丰富方面的相似性和互补性。讨论了多代理分析推断过去饮食习惯的局限性和潜力。获得的信息提供了关于巴塔哥尼亚西南部全新世中期捕食者-猎物相互作用的更多知识。