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Flexible attention allocation dynamically impacts incidental encoding in prospective memory
Memory & Cognition ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-28 , DOI: 10.3758/s13421-021-01199-6
Juan D Guevara Pinto 1 , Megan H Papesh 2 , Jason L Hicks 3
Affiliation  

Remembering to fulfill an intention at a later time often requires people to monitor the environment for cues that it is time to act. This monitoring involves the strategic allocation of attentional resources, ramping attention up more in some contexts than others. In addition to interfering with ongoing task performance, flexibly shifting attention may affect whether task-irrelevant information is later remembered. In the present investigation, we manipulated contextual expectations in event-related prospective memory (PM) to examine the consequences of flexible attention allocation on incidental memory. Across two experiments, participants completed a color-matching task while monitoring for ill-defined (Experiment 1) or specific (Experiment 2) PM targets. To manipulate contextual expectations, some participants were explicitly told about the trial types in which PM targets could (or not) appear, while others were given less precise or no expectations. Across experiments, participants’ color-matching decisions were slower in high-expectation trials, relative to trials when targets were not expected. Additionally, participants had better incidental memory for PM-irrelevant items from high-expectation trials, but only when they received explicit contextual expectations. These results confirm that participants flexibly allocate attention based on explicit trial-by-trial expectations. Furthermore, the present study indicates that greater attention to item identity yields better incidental memory even for PM-irrelevant items, irrespective of processing time.



中文翻译:

灵活的注意力分配动态影响预期记忆中的偶然编码

记住在以后实现一个意图通常需要人们监视环境,以寻找是时候采取行动的线索。这种监控涉及注意力资源的战略分配,在某些情况下比其他情况下更多地增加注意力。除了干扰正在进行的任务表现外,灵活转移注意力可能会影响以后是否记住与任务无关的信息。在目前的调查中,我们操纵了事件相关前瞻性记忆 (PM) 中的上下文预期,以检查灵活注意力分配对附带记忆的影响。在两个实验中,参与者完成了一项颜色匹配任务,同时监测不明确的(实验 1)或特定的(实验 2)PM 目标。为了操纵上下文期望,一些参与者被明确告知 PM 目标可能(或不)出现的试验类型,而另一些参与者则被给予不太精确或没有期望。在整个实验中,相对于没有预期目标的试验,参与者在高期望试验中的颜色匹配决策较慢。此外,参与者对高期望试验中与 PM 无关的项目有更好的附带记忆,但前提是他们收到了明确的上下文期望。这些结果证实,参与者根据明确的试验期望灵活地分配注意力。此外,本研究表明,即使对于与 PM 无关的项目,对项目身份的更多关注也会产生更好的附带记忆,而与处理时间无关。而其他人则被给予不那么精确或没有期望。在整个实验中,相对于没有预期目标的试验,参与者在高期望试验中的颜色匹配决策较慢。此外,参与者对高期望试验中与 PM 无关的项目有更好的附带记忆,但前提是他们收到了明确的上下文期望。这些结果证实,参与者根据明确的试验期望灵活地分配注意力。此外,本研究表明,即使对于与 PM 无关的项目,对项目身份的更多关注也会产生更好的附带记忆,而与处理时间无关。而其他人则被给予不那么精确或没有期望。在整个实验中,相对于没有预期目标的试验,参与者在高期望试验中的颜色匹配决策较慢。此外,参与者对高期望试验中与 PM 无关的项目有更好的附带记忆,但前提是他们收到了明确的上下文期望。这些结果证实,参与者根据明确的试验期望灵活地分配注意力。此外,本研究表明,即使对于与 PM 无关的项目,对项目身份的更多关注也会产生更好的附带记忆,而与处理时间无关。参与者对高期望试验中与 PM 无关的项目有更好的附带记忆,但前提是他们收到明确的上下文期望。这些结果证实,参与者根据明确的试验期望灵活地分配注意力。此外,本研究表明,即使对于与 PM 无关的项目,对项目身份的更多关注也会产生更好的附带记忆,而与处理时间无关。参与者对高期望试验中与 PM 无关的项目有更好的附带记忆,但前提是他们收到明确的上下文期望。这些结果证实,参与者根据明确的试验期望灵活地分配注意力。此外,本研究表明,即使对于与 PM 无关的项目,对项目身份的更多关注也会产生更好的附带记忆,而与处理时间无关。

更新日期:2021-06-29
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