Polyploidy is defined as a cell with three or more whole genome sets and enables cell growth across the kingdoms of life. Studies in model organisms have revealed that polyploid cell growth can be required for optimal tissue repair and regeneration. In mammals, polyploid cell growth contributes to repair of many tissues, including the liver, heart, kidney, bladder, and eye, and similar strategies have been identified in Drosophila and zebrafish tissues. This review discusses the heterogeneity and versatility of polyploidy in tissue repair and regeneration. Polyploidy has been shown to restore tissue mass and maintain organ size as well as protect against oncogenic insults and genotoxic stress. Polyploid cells can also serve as a reservoir for new diploid cells in regeneration. The numerous mechanisms to generate polyploid cells provide an unlimited resource for tissues to exploit to undergo repair or regeneration.

中文翻译：

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组织修复和再生中的多倍体

多倍体被定义为具有三个或更多全基因组的细胞，并使细胞能够在生命王国中生长。对模型生物体的研究表明，最佳的组织修复和再生可能需要多倍体细胞生长。在哺乳动物中，多倍体细胞的生长有助于许多组织的修复，包括肝脏、心脏、肾脏、膀胱和眼睛，并且在果蝇和斑马鱼组织中也发现了类似的策略。本综述讨论了多倍体在组织修复和再生中的异质性和多功能性。多倍体已被证明可以恢复组织质量并维持器官大小以及防止致癌损伤和基因毒性应激。多倍体细胞还可以作为再生中新的二倍体细胞的储存库。产生多倍体细胞的多种机制为组织提供了无限的资源来进行修复或再生。