Cells generate and sense mechanical forces that trigger biochemical signals to elicit cellular responses that control cell fate changes. Mechanical forces also physically distort neighboring cells and the surrounding connective tissue, which propagate mechanochemical signals over long distances to guide tissue patterning, organogenesis, and adult tissue homeostasis. As the largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus is particularly sensitive to mechanical force and deformation. Nuclear responses to mechanical force include adaptations in chromatin architecture and transcriptional activity that trigger changes in cell state. These force-driven changes also influence the mechanical properties of chromatin and nuclei themselves to prevent aberrant alterations in nuclear shape and help maintain genome integrity. This review will discuss principles of nuclear mechanotransduction and chromatin mechanics and their role in DNA damage and cell fate regulation.

中文翻译：

---

核组织中的机械力


细胞产生并感知机械力，触发生化信号，从而引发控制细胞命运变化的细胞反应。机械力还会使邻近细胞和周围的结缔组织发生物理扭曲，从而长距离传播机械化学信号，以指导组织模式、器官发生和成体组织稳态。作为最大和最硬的细胞器，细胞核对机械力和变形特别敏感。核对机械力的反应包括染色质结构的适应和触发细胞状态变化的转录活动。这些力驱动的变化还会影响染色质和细胞核本身的机械特性，以防止核形状的异常改变并帮助维持基因组完整性。本综述将讨论核力转导和染色质力学的原理及其在 DNA 损伤和细胞命运调控中的作用。