Proponents of the higher-order (HO) theory of consciousness (e.g., Lau and Rosenthal) have recently appealed to brain lesion evidence to support their thesis that mental states are conscious when and only when represented by other mental states. This article argues that this evidence fails to support HO theory, doing this by first determining what kinds of conscious deficit should result when HO state-producing areas are damaged, then arguing that these kinds of deficit do not occur in the studies to which HO theorists appeal. The article also develops an apparatus that can be used to evaluate whether other lesion evidence confirms or disconfirms HO theory.

中文翻译：

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压倒性力量：评估高阶意识理论的神经心理学证据

意识的高阶 (HO) 理论的支持者（例如，Lau 和 Rosenthal）最近利用脑损伤证据来支持他们的论点，即当且仅当由其他心理状态表示时，心理状态才是有意识的。本文认为该证据不支持HO理论，首先确定当HO产区受到破坏时应导致何种意识缺陷，然后论证HO理论家的研究中不会出现此类缺陷上诉。该文章还开发了一种装置，可用于评估其他病变证据是否证实或否定 HO 理论。