Pelagic seabirds are tied to their breeding colonies throughout their long-lasting breeding season, but at the same time, they have to feed in a highly dynamic marine environment where prey abundance and availability rapidly change across space and seasons. Here, we describe the foraging movements of yelkouan shearwater Puffinus yelkouan, a seabird endemic to the Mediterranean Sea that spends its entire life cycle within this enclosed basin and whose future conservation is intimately linked to human-driven and climatic changes affecting the sea. The aim was to understand the main factors underlying the choice of foraging locations during the reproductive phases. A total of 34 foraging trips were obtained from 21 breeding adults tagged and tracked on Tavolara Archipelago (N Sardinia, Italy). This is the largest and most important breeding area for the species, accounting for more than 50% of the world population. The relationships between foraging movements during two different breeding stages and the seasonal changes of primary productivity at sea were modeled. Movements appeared to be addressed toward inshore (<20 km), highly productive, and relatively shallow (<200 m) foraging areas, often in front of river mouths and at great distances from the colony. During incubation, the Bonifacio Strait and other coastal areas close to North and West Sardinia were the most preferred locations (up to 247 km from the colony). During the chick-rearing phase, some individuals reached areas placed at greater distances from the colony (up to 579 km), aiming at food-rich hotspots placed as far north as the Gulf of Lion (France). The need for such long distance and long-lasting foraging trips is hypothesized to be related to unfavorable conditions on the less productive (and already depleted) Sardinian waters.

中文翻译：

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地中海生产力的变化从其全球繁殖范围的核心推动了 yelkouan 鹱鸬鹚的觅食运动

远洋海鸟在整个长期的繁殖季节都与其繁殖群联系在一起，但与此同时，它们必须在高度动态的海洋环境中觅食，在这个环境中，猎物的数量和可用性随空间和季节而迅速变化。在这里，我们描述了 yelkouan鹱鸬鹚的觅食运动，一种地中海特有的海鸟，它的整个生命周期都在这个封闭的盆地内度过，其未来的保护与影响海洋的人类驱动和气候变化密切相关。目的是了解在繁殖阶段选择觅食地点的主要因素。从 Tavolara Archipelago（意大利北部撒丁岛）上标记和跟踪的 21 只繁殖成虫中获得了总共 34 次觅食旅行。这是该物种最大和最重要的繁殖区，占世界人口的50%以上。模拟了两个不同繁殖阶段的觅食运动与海上初级生产力的季节性变化之间的关系。运动似乎是针对近海（<20 公里）、高产且相对较浅（< 200 m) 觅食区，通常在河口前面，距离群落很远。在孵化期间，博尼法西奥海峡和其他靠近撒丁岛北部和西部的沿海地区是最受欢迎的地点（距离殖民地最远 247 公里）。在雏鸡饲养阶段，一些个体到达离群落更远的地区（最远 579 公里），瞄准北至狮子湾（法国）的食物丰富的热点地区。假设需要如此长距离和持久的觅食旅行，与生产力较低（并且已经枯竭）的撒丁岛水域的不利条件有关。博尼法西奥海峡和其他靠近撒丁岛北部和西部的沿海地区是最受欢迎的地点（距离殖民地最远 247 公里）。在雏鸡饲养阶段，一些个体到达离群落更远的地区（最远 579 公里），瞄准北至狮子湾（法国）的食物丰富的热点地区。假设需要如此长距离和持久的觅食旅行，与生产力较低（并且已经枯竭）的撒丁岛水域的不利条件有关。博尼法西奥海峡和其他靠近撒丁岛北部和西部的沿海地区是最受欢迎的地点（距离殖民地最远 247 公里）。在雏鸡饲养阶段，一些个体到达离群落更远的地区（最远 579 公里），瞄准北至狮子湾（法国）的食物丰富的热点地区。假设需要如此长距离和持久的觅食旅行，与生产力较低（并且已经枯竭）的撒丁岛水域的不利条件有关。