Abstract

Several previous studies have investigated the association between smoking, attachment style and personality, but they were either focused on personality or on attachment style and considered these variables separately. Starting from such findings, the study aims to investigate both factors, as they might not be independent, in order to clarify their role in the onset of smoking behavior in adolescence. This study was conducted on a convenience sample of 338 adolescents [male: 55% (186) – female: 45% (152)] (aged 16.63 ± 1.63). All participants completed a set of standardized questionnaires that assessed attachment style, personality and smoking behavior (starting age, daily cigarettes, nicotine dependence). Results showed that the dismissing attachment style, novelty seeking, and older age were associated with a higher likelihood of having a cigarette smoking experience; while self-directedness and gender (being female) were associated with a lower likelihood of having a cigarette smoking experience (p < .001). The secure and avoidant attachment styles were associated with a late smoking onset, whereas dismissing attachment and reward dependence were associated with an earlier smoking onset (p < .009). These findings highlight the possibility of developing a psycho-cognitive profile of adolescent smokers, and help to describe a smoking trajectory that may aid in designing tailored interventions and treatments to discourage smoking.

 抽象的

之前的几项研究调查了吸烟、依恋风格和个性之间的关联，但它们要么关注个性，要么关注依恋风格，并分别考虑这些变量。从这些发现出发，该研究旨在调查这两个因素，因为它们可能不是独立的，以阐明它们在青春期吸烟行为发生中的作用。这项研究以 338 名青少年为样本 [男性：55% (186) – 女性：45% (152)]（年龄 16.63 ± 1.63）。所有参与者都完成了一套标准化问卷，评估依恋风格、个性和吸烟行为（起始年龄、每日吸烟量、尼古丁依赖）。结果显示，排除依恋风格、寻求新奇事物和年龄较大与吸烟经历的可能性较高有关；而自我导向和性别（女性）与吸烟经历的可能性较低相关（ p < .001）。安全依恋和回避型依恋风格与较晚开始吸烟有关，而消除依恋和奖励依赖则与较早开始吸烟有关 ( p < .009)。这些发现强调了建立青少年吸烟者心理认知特征的可能性，并有助于描述吸烟轨迹，这可能有助于设计量身定制的干预措施和治疗方法来阻止吸烟。