ABSTRACT

Discussions of the relatively low rate of labor market participation of Palestinian-Arab women in Israel often underline social control as compelling women to find employment in their residence area. Such discussions tend to assume women's cooperation with their communities without taking into account the range of possible negotiated positions which women take in order to enhance access to resources in the complex context of institutional racism, narrow opportunity base, and social control. Here we direct attention to Palestinian-Arab women with higher education, asking how they negotiate their belonging to different circles. We apply three theoretical processes of negotiating belonging proposed by Anthias. Each of these struggles presents specific barriers to women's occupations and their willingness to break gender, spatial, and occupational boundaries, increase their accessibility to employment opportunities in pursuit of quality jobs, establish financial independence, and evade social control in the communities of origin or remain dependent on it.

摘要

关于以色列的巴勒斯坦-阿拉伯妇女劳动力市场参与率相对较低的讨论往往强调社会控制迫使妇女在其居住地区找到工作。这种讨论往往假定妇女与其社区合作，而没有考虑妇女可能采取的谈判立场的范围，以便在制度性种族主义、机会基础狭窄和社会控制的复杂背景下增加获得资源的机会。在这里，我们将注意力集中在受过高等教育的巴勒斯坦阿拉伯妇女身上，询问她们如何协商自己属于不同的圈子。我们应用了 Anthias 提出的三种协商归属感的理论过程。这些斗争中的每一个都对女性的职业和她们打破性别、空间、