ABSTRACT

The Human Capital Index (HCI) developed by the [World Bank, 2018a. The human capital project. World Bank. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/30498 Accessed 26 February 2019] provides a measure which can be used to study human capital (HC) productivity gaps between countries. The HCI uses measures of survival, education and health to estimate, at a country level, the HC ‘a child born today can expect to attain by her/his 18th birthday, given the risks of poor health and poor education where she lives’ [World Bank, 2018a. The human capital project. World Bank. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/30498 Accessed 26 February 2019, 2]. The socioeconomic disaggregated human capital index (SES-HCI), an extension of the HCI, provides a means for analysing HC inequalities within countries. This study estimates SES-HCIs for South Africa by income quintiles, school quintiles, geographical area, gender and race. The main driver of HC inequalities in all the SES indicators is found to be the quality of schooling. Factors to address the inequalities and the limitations of the measuring instruments are identified.

摘要

[世界银行，2018a. 制定的人力资本指数 (HCI)。人力资本项目。世界银行。https://hdl.handle.net/10986/30498 2019 年 2 月 26 日访问]提供了一种可用于研究国家之间人力资本 (HC) 生产力差距的衡量标准。HCI 在国家层面使用生存、教育和健康指标来估计 HC '一个今天出生的孩子在她/他/他 18 岁生日时可以预期达到，因为她生活的地方健康状况不佳和教育水平低下的风险' [世界银行，2018a。人力资本项目。世界银行。https://hdl.handle.net/10986/30498 2019 年 2 月 26 日访问，2]。社会经济分类人力资本指数 (SES-HCI) 是 HCI 的扩展，提供了一种分析国家内部人力资本不平等的方法。本研究按收入五分位数估计南非的 SES-HCI，学校五分之一、地理区域、性别和种族。发现所有 SES 指标中 HC 不平等的主要驱动因素是学校教育质量。确定了解决不等式的因素和测量仪器的局限性。